Back to the "Opium of the people!"

We were back in our favorite spot, the Eastern bypass road, with our bag of oranges:

I laughed, "You know what happened, this morning?"

"I'm listening!" The Ustad replied.

"I went to the tandoor (Bakery) for buy naan. There were customers before me, so I had to wait. Sitting on the front steps, two elderly men discussed politics, passionately. Both of them talked, simultaneously. Although it sounded more like an argument than a leisurely chatter, the people there watched the argument like some sort of comedy show. One of the men lost his temper and called the late Benazir Bhutto a name and the other man responded by punching him in the face. And, then, there was a freestyle wrestling. I guess the wrestling of old men was so rare that instead of stopping them, the small crowd started cheering them. I was getting late for college so I couldn't wait for the result of the match. All day, I kept thinking about the political arguments of those elderly men. If they were young men, I would blame the enthusiasm of the young age, and forget the event. They were retired men and belonged to a small tribe that had no influence in local, provincial and national politics, whatsoever. If it was a pleasure-chatter, it would make sense but fighting for something, they had no role made no sense to me...."
"I also have a neighbor who stops me, each time he sees me and breaks the news that never happened. " Ustand laughed. "But his news and analyses are very interesting, full of surprises!"

From bypass, I could see all sorts of flags. Usually, it was the brown-clouds (polluted air) that covered parts of the city that caught my attention but that day, I especially noticed the assortments of the flags.

"I think, politics is more potent opium than religion!" I commented.
"Even if had the power to ban on religion and politics, people find other means to argue!" Ustad responded, "Most of the time, it is not religion or politics that creates conflicts but men's self-love. Politics and religions become tools of expressions for those self-loves..."

I thought, Ustad was also "breaking a news", so,

"But there are people who sacrifice themselves for their religions and political parties?" I disagreed.

"Let me explain!" Ustad smiled.
"I'm listening!"
"Unlike most of the animals, humans give birth to the "immature" babies that are dependent on their parents for everything. When they grow up, while they strive all their lives, they remain dependent on others and the process of growing up never cease. You can imagine that humans never become "mature" and that's the reason for humans addiction to the idea of perfection, maturity or becoming no.1. Basically, humans know that they never achieve perfection, so, they seek it through other means, like a connection with a perfect being (God) via a "true" religion, or a best political system or finest culture or becoming no. 1 this and that. You know what I mean..."
"Yes, I got your point!" I replied, "But are you suggesting that narcissism is a byproduct of social life?"
"What I meant was that humans have an innate desire for liberation from imperfection or maturity and all the affiliations like religion or politics or other stuffs are mere expressions of it, whether, they realize it or not. Some may claim they love God or a saint or an ideology or things like that, but in fact, these all are expressions of the desire to be true, good or things like that..."
"Please don't mind!" I told Ustad, "but I find reductionist perspectives of things not beautiful."
"Well, then, your God is not beautiful!" Ustad laughed.
"Does it matter?" I laughed, too.
"God is the ultimate reductionist!"

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 2

"Yes!"
"In our culture, the source of authority came either from experience, as old age like adults in a family or tribe or from one's level of knowledge as teachers or scholars. They were considered wise and they influenced ways of life. That's why I called that the pursuit of wisdom. In comparison, in the modern culture, the authority comes from popular votes. Celebrities and advertisements play very important roles in influencing the decisions of masses and promoting the consumerist ways of life. What's your take on these two examples?"

"My first take is that pursuits of wisdom are definitely in decline and pursuits of populism are rising."
"So?" Ustad inquired.
"It depends," I answered.
"Depends on what?"
"On the concept of success."
"How?"
"Once adults were seen as people who were successful at living longer, now, the celebrities are seen as successful people."
"So, you think, it is all the pursuit of success instead of the pursuit of happiness or wisdom?"
"Yes, to me, it all sums up to success."

I remembered this conversation after so many years by reading an article about Hillary Clinton's new book, "What Happened". Hillary changed her name, her hairstyle and even hired a linguist to appeal to the people. Her efforts to be likable didn't sum to the success, that's presidency of the country.

I remembered our old conversation as it is as relevant today, as it was relevant almost two decades ago. So, what is a wise pursuit? A set of goals defined by wise men like adults of a tribe or a family, or a set of goals promoted by celebrities, a set of goals defined by professionals or some sort of authorities or set of goals that are based on your soul searching?

READ Part 1 by clicking the following link:

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 1

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 1

After graduating from high school, I felt as if I had discovered a sort of a  new me. I discovered that there was a world of knowledge beyond textbooks. I met people who spoke for hours and talked about a wide range of topics and unlike school, I didn't get bored or tired. Instead, I checked books on topics they discussed and read widely, not for exams or anything else but purely out of curiosity. One of the people that I met was the Ustad. I remember, when I first read about ancient Greece, I started thinking seriously on topics they thought and discussed thousands of years ago. To validate my raw thoughts, I went to see the Ustad;

“What do you think about wisdom?" I asked him.
"Are you reading about ancient Greece?” The Ustad inquired.
"Yes!” I replied.
“You live in a culture that's based on the pursuit of wisdom.”

My whole castle of thoughts on wisdom collapsed. I thought wisdom is something specialized and Greeks had mastered it. I couldn't imagine that we were pursuing wisdom in a city where the culture was built on tribal traditions with strong influences from ancient Persian, Indian, Islamic, Moghul and Western influences. Our culture wasn't a distinct and original culture with was based on the pursuit of wisdom as Ustad suggested. It was a product of the local geography and historical interactions. And hence based on nothing distinct.

“But I don't see questioning the perceptions as a common practice?” I disagreed.
“I just did!” he smiled.
“You expressed your opinion….”
“I guessed that you had developed the perception of wisdom solely based on questions.” Ustad interpreted me. “I had a similar experience. Over years, I realized each culture develops its own ways of wisdom.”
“That's an interesting way to look at it.”

I wasn't convinced. Yes, if we take wisdom as a way of optimizing the use of resources and growth, not only every culture held native knowledge built of collective experiences, we can extend it to the animals and plants, too. All organisms have innate wisdom, then. 

"If we consider that all cultures have their own wise ways, then, there must be some measure or a way to compare them?" I asked again.

"Before answering your question, I want you to consider these two examples and let me know what do you think?" the Ustad suggested. "But before I provide you with the examples, I want to give you the background, so you can more clearly..."

I liked thought experiments, so I nodded with a smile when he looked to see my reaction;

"...When I was about your age, I confronted with a storm of ideologies, all brought to the region by the monsoon winds of regional and global rivalries. The youths were under the spell of reviving their national-identities which were based on the nativism and progressive ideologies were considered cool. In contrast, there were Islamist forces who considered nativist-movements, un-Islamic, and corrupt. And then, there were burger-youths, who were influenced by Western culture. While these rival movements had political covers, for most of the youths, they were a more personal search of meaning or definition of them as individuals. That was a time when I read and thought very hard to make a sense out of all these. I found that all of these rival movements were based on hopes. Islamic movements like any other religion provided a ready-made template for a life that kept people from all walks of life, hopeful. Amongst Islamists, hope was tied to the strength of beliefs and there, the people were in pursuit of faith. Progressive ideologues hoped the education of masses, technology, and redistribution of wealth made the world a desirable place. Education and resistance to control were their favorites. Western-influenced youths loved the concept of the pursuit of happiness and considered luxurious things as expressions of their pursuits of happiness....."

The background was something repetitive for me. This kind of framing of problems had become a sort of cliche.

"I think our topic was wisdom?" I interrupted. 
"I just wanted to bring the discussion of wisdom from ancient Greece to our time..." the Ustad smiled.
"I'm sorry" I apologized.
"So, from the background, you can imagine that while in ancient Greece, the philosophers of the time linked wisdom with how well you knew the concepts of things and ideas, in our time, they mostly struggle with the hope. The pursuit of happiness was just one of many ideas but in our time, it has become the most significant one." He paused for a while, "Are you ready for the two examples?"

CONTINUED.... 

آپ ھزارہ کیلئے بہت کچھ کرسکتے ھیں

ھم ایک ایسے دور میں رہ رھے ھیں، جہاں بعض قومیں، اپنے معاشرہ کے پسے ھوئے اور کمزور لوگوں کو خصوصی رعایات دیتے ھیں تا کہ نہ صرف وہ کسی کا محتاج نہ رھے بلکہ خود کو کسی سے کمتر اور اس معاشرہ سے الگ محسوس نہ کرے. اگرکسی خاص بولی، رنگ، نسل، عقیدہ، مذھب کے حامل لوگ کم تعداد میں موجود ھیں تو انکو، تعلیمی درسگاھوں، ذراعت، صنعت، چھوٹے کاروبار میں مدد فراھم کرتے ھیں تا کہ نہ صرف انکے احساس محرومی کا ازالہ ھو، بلکہ وہ لوگ خود کو اس معاشرہ کا حصہ سمجھ کر، اس معاشرہ کے ترقی میں اپنا حصہ ڈالے. پہلی نظرمیں تو شاید لوگوں کو یہ لگے، کہ معاشرہ کے محروم حصوں کے مدد سے اکثریت کے حقوق کو ٹھیس پہنچتے ھیں، لیکن، آج تک جتنے بھی سروے ھوئے ھیں اس سے یہ بات ثابت ھوئے ھیں کہ جس معاشرہ نے بھی پسے ھوئے یا اقلیتی لوگوں کی حوصلہ افزايی کی ھیں، اقلیتی لوگ اس معاشرہ کو تعلیمی، اقتصادی، تحقیقی، صنعتی اور دفاعی میدانوں میں کئی گنا زیادہ فایدہ پہنچایا ھے۔ ان معاشروں کے اخلاقی جرات کسی آسمانی کتاب سے ھدایات کا نتیجہ نہیں، بلکہ وہ معاشرہ کے خیرخواھوں کے لمبے جدوجہد کے نتیجے ھیں۔ محقق اور دانشور اپنے تحقیقوں سے لوگوں کے شکوک و شبہات کے جواب دیتے رھے، تو سوشل ایکویسٹس لوگوں کو قریب لانے اور ان میں آگاھی پیھلانے کیلئے جدوجہد کرتے رھے اور سیاستدان قوانین بناتے رھے۔ ایسے معاشروں میں، انسانوں کے جان و مال کے علاوہ، جنگلی پودوں، جانورں، پانی، زمین اور ھوا کو بھی نقصان پہنچانا جرم ھے. حتی کہ اگر حکومتی اقدام، یا غفلت سے بھی کسی کو مالی یا جانی نقصان پہنچتا ھے، تو وہ شخص یا لوگ حکومت سے ھرجانہ کا مطالبہ کرسکتے ھیں۔ 

مجھے پتہ ھے کہ لوگ ان چیزوں کو بخوبی جانتے ھیں مگر یہ یاد دھانی اس لیے کرنے پڑرھے تا کہ بلوچستان کے ھزارہ قبایل کے ساتھ جو ھو رھے ھیں، اسکا کچھ موازنہ پیش کرسکوں اور حکومت، سیاسی جماعتوں، قبایلی عمائدین، علمائے دین، دانشور اور روشنفکر طبقے، صحافی حضرات، وکلا، تاجر اور معاشرہ کے ھر صاحب احساس بندہ کو انکے ذمہ داریوں کا احساس دلاسکوں، اور یہ بھی بتاسکوں کہ فیس بوک پر افسوس کرنے، اخبار میں مذمتی بیان دینے اور فاتحہ پڑھنے سے آگے بڑھ کر، آپ بہت کچھ کرسکتے ھیں؛ 

آپ پچھلے ڈیڑھ دھائی سے زیادہ، بریکنگ نیوز کے صورت یا کچھ لائنوں پر مشتمل خبروں کے ذریعے، کوئٹہ اور مستونگ میں ھزارہ مسافر، مزدور، ڈرائیور، سبزی فروش، علاج کے کیلئے آنے جانے والے مریضوں، طالبعلموں، استادوں، تاجر پیشہ حضرات، زائرین، ڈیوٹی کیلیے جانے والے سرکاری ملازمین، رشتہ داروں سے ملنے، یا سودا خریدنے کیلیے آنے جانے والے خواتین اور بچوں کے قتل سے ضرور آگاہ ھوتے رھيں ھونگے۔ چند منٹوں کیلئے، شاید آپکا ضمیر جاگتا ھوگا اور آپ افسوس کیے ھونگے، یا شاید مذمت کیلیے سوشل میڈیا میں چند جملے بھی لکھ چکے ھونگے، لیکن، ھزارہ کے قتل عام سے بڑے مسائل آپ کے توجہ کے طلبگار تھے، جیسے کہ، انڈیا اور پاکستان کے فائنل میچ، شریف خاندان کے خلاف کرپشن کے الزامات، راحیل شریف کے ریٹائرمنڈ کے بعد بیرون ملک ملازمتیں، قندیل بلوچ کے قتل کے بعد لیجنڈ بننا، ایران اور سعودی کے جھگڑے اور اس طرح کے بیشمار ملکی مسائل جو یقینا پانچ لاکھ کے قریب لوگوں کے جسمانی، معاشی، تعلیمی اور معاشرتی قتل عام اور درد و کرب سے کہیں گنا زیادہ اھمیت کے حامل تھے۔ 

جو ھزارہ، اپنے چھوٹے سے آبادی کے تناسب سے دفاع، کھیل، انتظامی امور اور تعلیم میں صوبہ اور قوم کو قدرآور شخصیات ديے تھے اور جو آج بھی بیرون ملک سے اپنے پسینہ کی کمایی بھیج کر، صوبہ اور ملک کے اکانومی میں اپنے حصے ڈال رھے ھیں، انکے طالبعلم شہر اور صوبہ کے تعلیمی اداروں میں نہیں جاسکتے، انکے تاجر، شہر سے اپنے کاروبار کو لپیٹ کر، اپنے گلی محلوں میں کاروبار کرنے پر مجبور ھیں، والدین اپنے بچوں کے حفاظت کیلئے اپنے گھر بیچھ کر، جمع پونجھی خرچ کرکے، یا قرضہ لیکر، انہیں ملک سے باھر بھیجنے پڑھ رھے ھیں، جن نوجوانوں کو پڑھ کر صوبہ کے ترقی میں اپنے کردار ادا کرنے تھے، وہ کیمپوں میں ٹھوکرے کھا رھے ھیں، جن گھروں سے باپ، بیٹا اور بھائی چھینے گئے ھیں اور جو لوگ زخمی ھوئے ھیں، انکے درد، کھرب اور معاشی مسايل سے کس کو خبر ھیں، ۔۔۔۔۔۔۔۔ اور اس جیسے اور مسایل. ان سب کے باوجود، ھزارہ لوگوں کو حفاظت کے نام پرانکے علاقوں تک محدود کیے ھیں۔ شہر کے پارکوں اور صوبہ کے صحت افزا مقامات میں سیر کے بجائے، لوگ قبرستان میں چہل قدمی کیلئے جاتے ھیں اور دنیا میں شاید، کوئیٹہ کے ھزارہ واحد لوگ ھیں کہ انکے قبرستان ھی انکے چہل قدمی کےلیے باقی بچے ھیں. 

سئوال یہ ھے، کہ ھزارہ قبايل کو احساس محرومی اور بیگانگی سے نکالنے کیلئے، آپ کیا کرسکتے ھیں؟ انہیں انکے احساس امن کو دوبارہ کیسے بحال کیا سکتا ھے اور انہیں انکے محصور علاقوں سے نکال کر، دوبارہ تعلیمی اداروں، سپورٹس گراونڈز، شہر کے کاروبار ميں شرکت، وغیرہ، وغیرہ کیلیے، آپ بحیث ایک انسان کیا کرسکتے ھیں. 

یقین مانیئے، اگر آپ چاھے، آپ بہت کچھ کرسکتے ھیں؛ 

آب بول سکتے ھیں. آپ سئوال کرسکتے ھیں. آپ لکھ سکتے ھیں، اور اس سے بہت کچھ بدل سکتے ھیں؛ 

آپ سیاسی جماعتوں کو بول سکتے ھیں کہ نفرت پھیلانے کو قابل سزا جرم بنانے کے لیے قانون سازی کرے تا کھلے عام نفرت اور اشتعال پھیلانے کو روک سکے، آپ حکومت سے اور معاشرہ کے با اثر افراد سے پوچھ سکتے ھیں کہ وہ ھزارہ قبایل کو محاصرہ سے نکالنے اور انکو معاشرہ میں دوبارہ فعال کرنے کیلیے کون سے حوصلہ افزا اقدامات کئے ھیں اور کرینگے. آپ لکھ کر لوگوں میں آگاھی پھیلا سکتے ھیں. 

میں، یہ مانتا ھوں کہ صبح کو اٹھ کر، مغربی معاشروں جیسے اخلاقی جرات تو نہیں پیدا کرسکتے کہ معاشرہ کے تمام محروم اور کمزور طبقات اپنے کو کمتر اور مجبور محسوس نہ کرے، لیکن، کم از کم ھم جن اقدار کا پرچارک ھیں، وھاں سے تو شروع کرسکتے ھیں۔ چاھے آپ قبایلی روایات کا پرستار ھیں، یا اسلامی اقدار کا پیروکار یا آپ پاکستان کے آئین کا وفادار. ڈیڑھ دھائی سے جاری قتل عام اور اجتماعی قید آپ کے روایات، اقدار اور آیین کے روح پر بہت بڑا سئوالیہ نشان ھے. آپ اسکو نظر انداز کرسکتے ھیں، تاویلات پیش کرسکتےھیں، لیکن، ایک ایسے دور میں، جہان مغربی معاشرے، دنیا کے بھر کے خستہ حال لوگوں کو پناہ دے کر، انکو اپنے اپنے معاشروں کا حصہ بنانے کے کوشش کرتے ھیں، آپ اپنے ھی معاشرہ کے لوگوں کو، شکل، زبان اور مسلک کے بنیاد پراجتماعی سزا دے کر، کسی بھی معیار کا دعوی نہیں کرسکتے. 

پاکستانی عوام اور سیاسی جماعتوں سے اپیل

بلوچستان کے ھزارہ قبایل کے پندرہ سالوں کے قتل عام میں، نہ تو کسی مجرم کو سزا ھوئی ھے، اور نہ ھی کسی قسم کی قانون سازی. قاتل آزادی سے گلی، کوچوں، بازاروں، جلسوں، مساجد، مدرسوں، اخبارات، سوشل میڈیا اور ٹی وی پر ھزارہ قبایل کے خلاف نفرت کے کھلے عام تبلیغ کرتے ھیں۔ نفرت کے یہ تبلیغ، ھزارہ قبایل کے قتل عام کے ایک بنیادی وجہ ھے اور جو بھی شخص، کسی بھی حیثیت میں، نفرت کے تبلیغ کرتے رھے یا کر رھے ھیں، وہ اس قتل عام کے جرم میں شریک ھیں۔ حکومت، پندرہ سالوں میں کسی قاتل کو سزا نہیں دلا سکی اور اسکے بجائے، حفاظت کے نام پر ھزارہ قبایل کے علاقوں، ھزارہ ٹاون اور علمدار روڈ کو عملا کیمپ میں بدل دیئے ھیں۔ کیا پاکستان میں قاتلوں کے گرفتاری اور سزا نہ دلوانے کے ناکامی پر قانون نافذ کرنے والوں کے نااھلی اور حکومت کیلئے خساير کے اذالے کے قوانین موجود ھیں؟

کیا اسکا وقت نہیں آیا ھے کہ صوبایی اور قومی سیاسی جماعتیں مذمتی بیانات سے آگے بڑھ کر، ھزارہ قبایل کے خلاف نفرت پھیلانے کو قابل سزا جرم بنانے کی قانون سازی کرے؟ کیا اسکا وقت نہیں آیا ھے کہ پاکستانی عوام، حکومت سے ھزارہ قبایل سے معافی اور انکے نقصانات کو پورا کرنے کا مطالبہ کرے؟ مانتا ھوں کہ یہ بڑے مطالبات ھیں، مگر انکے حصول کیلئے کم از کم جدوجہد تو کرے۔ اپنے پاکستانی بھائیوں اور بہنوں سے درخواست کرتا ھوں کہ وہ اپنے نمایندوں سے قانون سازی کا مطالبہ کرے اور سوشل ایکٹویسٹ سے اپیل کرتا ھوں کہ وہ قانون سازی کیلیے مہم چلائے۔۔۔

An Argument for "Cultural Regeneration"

I understand:

Whenever I walk in a woodland or a forest, I look for seedlings. Why? The presence and absence of seedlings tell me if the forest is regenerating or rotting; 

You see, in my lifetime, I have witnessed a modern dominant global culture (Soviet Union) rot and collapse. Believe it or not, in Quetta, where books were very scarce at the time, I found books printed in the former Soviet Union in the piles of garbage and bought them by weight from the garbage collectors (tens of meters away from Baluchistan University). Those were books that were looted from libraries when Kabul fell to "Mujahiddin". 

I also witnessed another modern regional culture that was born from the marriage of dying Mughal culture and ruling Colonial British culture (now known as Pakistani Culture) to lose its form under grinding forces of cold-war and reduce into a patchwork. 

I grew up believing that the Middle East was a unique place in the sense that it was the birthplace of three dominant global religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. But I never imagined, how badly rotten were its cultures, until, the attempts were made to bring forced "spring" (As it was called Arab Spring) to the region by imposing liberal democracy. In the new Middle East, all we witnessed was the fast growth of psychedelic and poisonous culture of ISIS.

All along, I read and listened to the story of Western Liberal democracies as creators of the modern world. The epic stories of cultural battles like the renaissance, state nations, colonialism, world wars between democratic-colonial-powers and fascist-colonial-powers, the cold war between capitalism and communism, globalization and finally the "end of history" by the emergence of the US as the final victor. The stories of Western modern democracies are looked upon as models for the refurbishing of dying cultures around the world. But it seems, the explosion of Middle East has seriously shaken the confidence of the Western World. I hear the voices that are doubting the universality of its ideals are growing loud and louder. 

When I walk into a woodland or a forest, I look for the seedlings. Why? The presence and absence of seedlings tell me if the forest is regenerating or rotting; 

It happened many times that when I speak in Hazaragi with Quetta accent, some get offended. Some advised me to write in "pure" Hazaragi (I don't know what that means since there are many dialects of Hazaragi spoken in different areas). Some asked me to correct my language by speaking in modern Farsi (They consider Hazaragi as an archaic Persian language that needs to be standardized). I hear voices who think Urdu and English should be our priority to facilitate communications with regional and global communities. 

Partially, I agree with all these arguments as the people who advocate them have genuine concerns but let me make my point here;

Why do I speak in Hazaragi with Quetta accent while I can speak modern Farsi that's a regional language? 

The answer lies in my concept of "cultural regeneration": 

I see Hazara community of Quetta as a living "Statue of Resilience" that has stood firm against all odds and not only hasn't lost its original form but is going through the process of refinement. While the world around the community is collapsing and it has been targetted regularly by the forces who see the community as a misfit. But it has never turned itself in turtle mode of defense. It's an open community that is learning from all around of the world. It's a seedling that has survived so far. 

I understand that engines of global changes are in the cosmopolitan cities of the world. But those engines are churning to produce only market standard cultural products that are profitable. They can't afford to produce products that are not marketable. 

It's probably just me (and I may be somewhat biased here), but I think that young, small and open communities with the global outreach that living on the fringes are going to be the engines of modern cultural diversity. I know, there are hundreds (probably, thousands) of small communities like that of Hazara Community of Quetta out there that are needed to be explored.

One more thing; Why am I giving the example of Hazara community of Quetta? Well, that's because I am more familiar with the community than other communities. 

I understand:

When people talk about standardization and integration, they have genuine concerns. But the emergence of ISIS and the serious doubts in the confidence of modern liberal democracies made me go back to forests and see how forests regenerate. 

I understand the concerns of marketability of seedlings that are not grown in the standard environments of nurseries but I also understand how forests regenerate.

May I borrow your eyes, Please!

Ustad said, "All people are beautiful. You need to train your eyes to see them. A stylist is trained to see the beautiful features of each customer and make those features prominent enough that they become visible to other people...." 

I guessed he noticed my puzzlement and asked, "I bet you think the analogy of a writer with a stylist is very odd. right?" 

" I thought, the job of a writer is to write honestly whatever he observes and what he observes might be very ugly...??" I replied.

"That's right!" he smiled. "You have to write honestly but failing to report the beauties because the ugliness you have observed has overtaken your imagination is dishonesty..." 

I'm not in the mood to write the rest of the conversation. I remembered this chunk of the conversation as I kept staring at the following picture idly for more than half an hour and wasn't able to express my feelings. 

I need help here. Someone with better eyes, please tell me, where is beauty in this picture that I can't see. The sister and brother who were on their way towards Mariabad were gunned down by the "unknown terrorists just meters away from police check-post. Their corpses were dragged out the middle of the road and left in the dirt 😢

For last 17 years, (yes, you heard it right, seventeen years), the Hazara community of Quetta have been bombed and killed after identification in thousands by "unknown terrorists", who later called newspapers and claimed responsibility (after each incident) and vowed to kill more and yet not a single (that's right, not a single murderer has been brought to books). Once even, the terrorists held an award ceremony in the stadium close to chief minister's secretariat where they celebrated scoring centuries in the killings of the Hazara community (Yes, killing people randomly is a game to them.) 

Ustad said, "All people are beautiful."

I am sure, all people are beautiful. But currently, I am struggling to see those beauties. I have failed to train my eyes to see the beauties. I need help to see the beauties as I can't. 😞

دیسی ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ

ٹی وی، میگزینوں، اخباروں، روزمرہ نشست و برخاستوں اور سوشل نیٹ ورکز پر روز ڈونلڈ ٹرمپ پرپریشان کن تبصروں اور تجزیوں کے باوجود، آپ نے مجھے ٹرمپ پر کبھی تبصرہ کرتے نہیں دیکھے ھونگے. اسکی وجہ میرا "دیسی لبرلزم" یا "پردیسی مصلحت پسندی" نہیں، بلکہ اسکی وجہ وہ ھزاروں "دیسی ٹرمپ" ھیں جسے ميں بچپن سے، ھر روز سنتا، دیکھتا چلا آرھا ھوں. آج، ایسا ھی ایک بظاھر پڑھے لکھے اور بظاھر لبرل "دیسی ٹرمپ" کو میں نے اس لیے "ان فرینڈ" کیا، کیونکہ موصوف فرما رھے تھے کہ بلوچستان کی پسماندگی کی وجہ ھزارہ کمیونٹی ھے اور جب تک اس کمیونٹی کو مٹائینگے نہیں، اس وقت تک بلوچستان ترقی نہیں کرسکتا ("ان فرینڈ" کرنے کا مقصد، نفرت کو ریڈ کارڈ کرنا ھے ).  حقیقت یہ ھے کہ چند گلیوں پر مشتمل ھزارہ آبادی والے مری آباد اور ھزارہ ٹاون میں، اگر کچھ پکے مکانات بنے ھیں وہ صوبائی يا مرکزی حکومتوں کے فنڈز سے نہیں بنے ھیں، بلکہ ان ھزاروں جوانوں کے پسینے کے کمائی سے بنے ھیں جو اپنے پیاروں سے دور، پردیسی ملکوں میں مزدوری کرنے پر مجبور ھیں.  

شاید کچھ دوست یہ سوچھے کہ میں ری ایکشن دکھا کر، نہ چاھتے ھوئے، انٹرنیٹ پر نفرت پھیلانے والوں کے لیے لاوڈ سپیکر کا کام کررھا ھوں. ان دوستوں کے خدمت میں پیشگی عرض ھے کہ یہ نفرت بہت پرانی اور گہری ھے. ان نفرتوں سے چشم پوشی کے وجہ سے یہ ایک ناسور کا شکل اختیار کر چکا ہے. مثالیں دینے کےلیے، میرے پاس ایسے سینکڑوں واقعات ھیں،  جن کا میں چشم دید گواہ ھوں. ان میں سے ایک واقعہ پیش خدمت ھے؛

1998 کے گرمیوں کی بات ھے. اسوقت کوئٹہ امن کے نخلستان تھے. لوگ اپنے اپنے چھوٹے بڑے دنیاوں میں گم تھے. والدہ صاحبہ کے طبیعت ناساز تھے اور میرے چھوٹے دنیا کے سب سے بڑی خواب یہ تھی کہ میں کسی دن اس قابل بنوں کہ والدہ صاحبہ کی بہترین علاج کرسکوں. بہر حال، جتنے ھمارے وسائل اجازت دیتے، کبھی والد صاحب اور کبھی میں ڈاکٹروں اور ھسپتالوں کے چکر کاٹتے رھتے. ایک ایسی ھی چکر میں، میں والدہ صاحبہ کو ایک سرکاری ھسپتال لے گیا. حسب معمول،  ڈاکٹر کے کمرے کے باھر مریضوں کے ایک لمبی قطار لگی ھوئی تھی. ھم بھی، ھسپتال کی پرچی اور والدہ کی لیبارٹری ٹیسٹوں اور ڈاکٹروں کے نسخوں کے پلندے ھاتھ میں لیے، قطار میں کھڑے ھوگئے. گئی گھنٹے، کھڑے کھڑے انتظار کے بعد آخر ھمارے باری آئے. ڈاکٹر صاحب اپنے چند مہمانوں کے ساتھ خوش گپیوں میں مصروف تھے. میں نے سلام کیا. ڈاکٹر نے ھمارے طرف دیکھے اور کچھ کہے بغیر پھر بھنڈار میں مصروف ھوگئے. دروازہ کے قریب ایک بوڑھا ھزارہ کھڑا تھا. میں نے ان سے خیریت دریافت کی تو بوڑھا شخص کپکپاتی آواز میں کہا کہ  اسکے نمبر بہت پہلے آیا تھا، لیکن ڈاکٹر نے یہ کہتے ھوئے اسے معائنہ کرنے سے انکار کیا کہ، "جاو، افغانستان میں اپناعلاج کرو. یہ ھسپتال بلوچستان کے ملکیت ھے." اس بوڑھے شخص نے یہ بھی بتایا کہ میں نے جب ڈاکٹر کو اپنا شناختی کارڈ دکھایا تو ڈاکٹر غصہ میں  کہا کہ میں تو اس کاغذ کے ٹکڑے کو مانتا ھی نہیں. جب میں نے ڈاکٹر سے درخواست کی کہ وہ اپنے پیشہ کا احترام کرے تو ڈاکٹر صاحب، سیاسی نعرہ بازی پر اتر آئے.

لوگ صرف مولویوں کو نفرت کے پرچارک کے طور پر دیکھتے ھیں. کاش صرف مولوی "کنوینیئس کے مسلمان" ھوتے تو ھمارے غم آدھے ھوتے۔ بدقسمتی سے ، ھمارے ھاں  "دیسی ٹرمپ" کی کوئی کمی نہیں، جو بسا اوقات اپنے " کنوینیئس کے لبرلزم" کے احسانات بھی جتاتے رھتے ھیں.

نفرتیں اتنے عادی ھوگئے ھیں کہ لوگ یہ سمجھ بیٹھے ھیں کہ اپنے قوم سے، دین سے، اور نظریات سے محبت کے اظہار کا صرف ایک ھی طریقہ ھے، اور وہ ھے دوسروں سے نفرت. حالانکہ حقیقت یہ ھے کہ اپنے لوگوں کے لیے دشمن کمانے والے، اپنے لوگوں کا خیر خواہ نہیں ھوسکتے.   

The Fattening Of A Mind

When I was at high school, my obsession with learning went too far to an extent that I got almost disconnected with most of my friends and their world of interests. It peaked when I started working at a woodwork factory after the school hours. At the factory, I mostly varnished the chairs and sofa sets. My work clothes and shoes had turned into armored shields by multiple layers of varnish coatings and I felt like an arthropod inside the clothes. In short, I went through a daily metamorphosis, beginning in the morning when I dressed into the dark-sky-blue school uniform (which turned into light-sky-blue after weekly washes by the end of the school year) to the afternoon, when I wore varnished-work-clothes and to the night, when I became myself in the casual dress. While the life appeared to be the repetition of the same acts weeks after weeks with no end at the sight, I felt like to be in the Alice’s wonderland. And that wonderland was the world of the words;

Early afternoons, when I went to work, the other workers had already left for the afternoon siesta. Occasionally, the factory owner’s youngest brother visited the factory to supervise our work. Once we went to the same school and were in different grades. He was couple of years younger than me but at the factory, I went to work and he was the boss. While, I varnished the chairs, he held a fat Oxford dictionary and walked back and forth of the hall to memorize the dictionary. I wanted to learn the language too but I had neither the time, nor money for the dictionary. So, I sorted out the used English newspapers from Russian newspapers that we used for packaging (also laid on the floor while varnishing) and hid them. I put a paper on the floor while working and looked for the words that either I could easily memorize or looked interesting to me and asked the meanings from the young boss. He liked the practice and often shared the vocabularies, he thought were interesting. My vocabulary was growing fast and parts of the English papers started making sense to me (Those were my greatest joys). I knew that kind of encyclopedic and chance-based learning equipped me with a kind of worldview, full of holes that enabled me only to have patchy views of the worlds that fell outside of my town. Still, each new word, each new piece of information, each new concept made me feel that I was growing up in those still days and nights. I believed that if I had plenty of time and a dictionary, I could have attained nirvana. 

I had a year of gap after finishing high school and that was a heavenly gift to me. I had plenty of time (I worked till noon and afternoons, I went for a mechanic course, which was for three hours and as I had no homework, so I could afford to spend time reading whatever, I could get my hands on) and well for the first time an English to Urdu dictionary (and that was the first non-textbook that I bought for fifty rupees). I went crazy with translating entire pages of newspapers (well, not the way interpreters translate but by writing Urdu meanings under each English word). I didn’t attain nirvana but it had greatly boosted my confidence level. 

When colleges’ admission opened, I and my youngest maternal-uncle went to the college for admission. The students wings of the political parties had set up reception desks to guide (attract students) and help students in their college admissions. Holding the admission forms, we went to the desk of Hazara Students Federation. Three senior students of the college represented the party. 

“What do you want to study?” A young man who had thick curly hairs and square face asked.

“Science.” I replied.

“Pre-medical or pre-engineering?”

“Pre-medical (which meant biology instead of mathematics)”.

“Could you guys afford coaching classes?”

“No.”

“Then, I strongly recommend that you take arts subjects, instead. Without coaching classes, you won’t be able to pass the exams.”

We thanked them and left. We knew, they were right but we were determined and took admission in pre-medical. College textbooks were in English but I had dictionary and time, so I translated my Biology, Chemistry and partially physics textbooks….

So, why did I feel to the need to tell this story?

Recently, I heard two complains about myself (from friends and relatives), first, that I am living in Jungle (small town) and second that I rarely communicate. Well, if they knew a little about my past, they could understand that my mind have grown so obese that it barely wonders about large cities or becoming more social. Imagine that a boy who once believed that he could attain nirvana, if he had plenty of time and a dictionary gets the chance to order five books at 2 a.m. in the morning (and they only cost him two hours of his work) or he could stop at a thrift shop after work and buy five book just with an hour of his work, what would you expect him spending most of his time? He would literally bury himself in the books, right? He knows very well that, it is not a systematic way of gaining knowledge (or it is unhealthy on the long run but he never been able to live a healthy lifestyle) and he can’t help himself. If you are impoverished for years, your health is the first victim, when you have plenty. You can’t resist the urge of over-consumption, despite knowing the dangers. The access to fast internet and books has fattened my mind.

Conversations With An Afghan Teacher: Part 14

“I liked this interpretation of the history” I said.

“See once, Romans conquered all the olive producing Mediterranean basin and the wheat producing Egypt, the olive trade declined and so the philosophy and democracy with the trade….”

A tractor trolley loaded with foundation-stones roared, as it passed us. It was playing “adda-kona songs” (old bus station; there were music stores that sold audio-cassettes and played loud songs in the noisy traffic) to the loudest, as if the tractor's engine and its speakers were competing for the loudness. In the contest of the noises, I couldn’t hear what the teacher was saying. I kept nodding and smiling, pretending that I am hearing him well. He paused.

“Have you heard of the Darwin finches?” I asked the teacher, once the tractor’s noises faded in the distance.

“I know a bit about them.”

“Don’t you think the diversification, and co-variations of the economic systems and socio-political systems have very much in common to the developments of beak polymorphism in the Darwin finches?”

The teacher didn’t reply. He fixed his glasses and stared down the valley.

“As you know, thirteen (fifteen) finch species were recorded on Galapagos islands…”

“Balay”

“...And they are the well studied. Grants1 studied them for thirty years. They could observe and record the changes in finches as drought changed their food supplies…” I clarified further my question.

“Hmm” was all the teacher said.

I took that response as a sign of silent disagreement.

“Food supply played a key role in human evolution from other apes. One hypothesis is that ancestors of humans started using their hands for collecting food instead of walking like other apes. The freeing of hands made it possible to make tools and increasingly greater supply of food and also migrations to new lands…”

“Balay”

Apparently, my arguments weren’t convincing enough, as they failed to catch the interest the teacher. I felt that down in the valley, there was something more interesting than my arguments. I looked down to find out, what he stared at. Few lights were turned on. I expected the maghrib adhan very soon.

“The seven wonders of the ancient world were either the kings’ burial sites, castles and places of worship. Public buildings such as parliament, churches, mosques and temples were the most prominent buildings till very recent time. But we are witnessing that towers and skyscrapers, with their futuristic designs are becoming more prominent. These towers are the centers of financial activities and is not limited to particular region but are global phenomenon. Food collection and production shaped the ancient humans societies and economies are shaping our world…”

I paused to see, if the teacher had some comments. He was still staring down the valley.

“Are you thinking about something?” I asked.

“Yes.” the teacher replied. “As you mentioned the finches, I remembered an old question that I am still struggling with…”

“What’s the question?” I asked hurriedly.

“Have you heard about the brain’s reward systems?”

“Sort of.”

“Do you still remember our first conversation that I asked you, whether Eids and Wedding celebrations and likes make you happy or not?”

“Balay Ustad!”

“I have long struggled with this questions about behaviors that we enjoy and indulge ourselves into, often obsessively. Take the examples of the craze in football (soccer), cricket, boxing, wrestling, action, thrill and love-story movies, animal racing and fighting, gambling, politics and show-offs just to name few…”

“Balay Ustad.”

“Each of those obsessions have something to do with brain’s reward system…”

“Could have!”

“No, I mean it!

“Balay!”

“Our brain have connected pathways of neurotransmitters that reward us in the form of feeling good for behaviors that increase our survival and reproduction. But Humans have also learned to trick the brain in producing the pleasure chemicals….”

“I am not surprised!” I laughed.

“My point is, since cultures vary in their appreciations for different behaviors, and these variations existed for over hundreds and sometimes thousands of years, they have caused variations in the brain’s reward system. To make things simple, organisms exposed in different settings for long period of times evolve variations, like the evolution of the beak varieties in the Darwin’s finches …..”

Continued….

------------------------------------------------------------

Although, I was introduced to the theory of evolution in 1995-96 through biology class,  but I learnt about Grants’ works (who spent six months of each year on the hot and waterless island of Daphne Major for thirty (more than forty years) consecutive years to study finches) around the year 2000, in the third year of the college.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcM23M-CCog

Conversations With Afghan Teacher; Part 13

“.... You may have heard that most of the earliest human civilizations developed on the fertile soils around the rivers in warm climates where growing crops were easier?...”

“A rudimentary information about the earliest river-civilizations like those of Indus, Euphrates, Nile, and Huang-He  are part of “GENERAL KNOWLEDGE” (As per tradition, serious students read the general knowledge books that were available in the bookstores, and also consumed newspapers regularly in order to be able to compete in the civil-services-examinations, and “general knowledge” was a mandatory part of the examinations.)” I stressed on the word general knowledge to show that I wasn’t that ignorant. “And I also know that rice cultivating civilizations had denser populations than civilizations thrived on wheat and corn 1.” I boastingly added.

“I’m not testing your knowledge.” He smiled. “I just wanted to make sure that you are included in the conversation, so you don’t get bored…”

“No, no…. I’m enjoying the conversation… please carry on...” I was embarrassed. “Actually, I’m not a good conversationalist.” I tried to hide my embarrassment.

“What was your best conversation that you remember?” Asked the teacher unexpectedly.

“Although, I had enjoyed the knowledgeable conversations, but I had enjoyed more the tales of old men about places that I hadn’t visited or the time that I had spent with my friends conversing hours randomly and talking nonsensically…”

“The knowledgeable conversation is very small part of the conversations that interest men. We are creatures with unbounded imaginations that are at work all the times…”

The teacher paused, and we looked down, at the city. The opposite mountains were half bluish-grey and half yellowish-grey. Despite all of its problems, it was a beautiful valley, particularly during early mornings and evenings. Something that was to be felt than to be described.

“You was talking about the river-civilizations?” I broke the silence.

“Oh, Yes..” he fixed his glasses. “I was saying that Sumer was one of the most innovative earliest river-civilizations. They introduced writing, laws, canal irrigation system, wheel and the famous flood story of Noah also originated there.”

“Balay Ustad.”

“The intensive use of land soured the soil and resultantly, the crop production decreased drastically. Despite all those innovations, the Sumerian civilization couldn’t survive the decrease in the crop productions….”

“That makes sense.” I interjected. “We witnessed the collapse of Soviet Union as a result of poor economy, despite being one of the world leaders in the technological advances.”

“While that’s right but it isn’t a one way road. I will come to that as well. Right now, let’s talk about how means of production and control of the production system shape social structures to a large extent.”

“Balay Ustad.”

“You can see there are more orchards than crop fields in this valley and we both know the reasons. Orchards require less water and labor to maintain, and  can grow on poor soils in comparisons to the crops…”

“Balay Ustad.”

“In comparison, to river-civilizations that were based on irrigation and good soils, there were orchard-civilizations in places that faced water shortage and poor soil conditions like those of Mediterranean basin. Olive was the chief of fruit of those orchards. Olives were fine with poor soils, less water and required less labor to maintain and yet it provided a fruit that didn’t spoil till a year, provided oil that had many uses from cooking to lighting. And more important was the fact that once an olive orchard was established, it lived for almost a millennium producing fruits each year…”

“Very impressive.”

“On downside, although olive trees are evergreen and regenerate upon damages, it takes from five to twelve years and some even twenty years to produce olives. So, a damage to an olive orchard required about a decade to produce olives again…”

“That’s very long time..”

“As olive growing civilizations didn’t have crops to maintain their populations, they traded their olives with those of the crop producing civilizations. You may have heard the story of Prophet Joseph and his brothers?...”

“Right, right.” I replied. “Joseph was from Canaan that became a minister in the Pharaoh's’ court. And the Canaanites depended on imported wheat from Egypt..”

“Right. As olive producing civilizations had plenty of free times and needed peace for their trade and olive orchards, they introduced in depth concepts of ethics, justice and brotherhood through democratic institutions and Philosophical schools in the Greek islands, and Abrahamic institutions and schools in the Mediterranean basin. What we know of today's world are mostly based on ideas borrowed from those orchard institutions…

Continued…

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Footnote:

1. (Although rice has lower calories *130 to 216 per 100 grams depending on rice type* than wheat *339 calories per 100 grams*, but rice had greater yield than wheat per hectare * for instance before 1960, a hectare of rice could sustain 5.63 people and a hectare of wheat could sustain 3.67 people*. Rice producing regions like, South Asia and most of East Asian countries had dense populations and are still the most dense population centers. In comparison to the rice and wheat, corn has 86 calories per 100 grams and till around 1930 had similar yield per hectare as that of rice, however, since then, the corn yields have surpassed that of rice. Despite high yields, proto-civilization based on corn production like those of Mississipi river remained very small and short lived compared to other river-civilizations. Time and isolation *other river civilizations benefited from trades, sharing of ideas and technologies from each others* are few explanations offered.

Conversations With An Afghan Teacher: Part 12

That was obvious; “When even kids use dialogues and mediation to resolve their issues, then, societies, no matter, how primitive are definitely, better off than children…” I thought.   

“Like history of earth, you can understand the present situation of a people, if you know their past well…” the teacher added, before I could utter a response.

“Balay Ustad.”

“Have you heard about the famous experiment of the Japanese Scientist on Slime Mould?....” The teacher asked, “What was his name?” He closed his eyes and pressed his index finger against his temple. “The name is somewhere close... and….what was his name?...his name? Yes, yes, I remembered.” He smiled as he opened back his eyes. “Toshiyuki Nakagaki!”

“Toshiyuki Nakagaki” I laughed and repeated the name after the teacher. “Still, you remembers his name. That’s like mission impossible for me.”

“I’m a teacher and have to remember names!” He laughed again.

“No, I haven’t heard about that experiment.” I confessed. After few meetings, it had become easy for me to swallow my pride at times.

“Slime Moulds are basically unicellular organisms that usually live as single celled individuals and feed on other single celled organisms like bacteria. When some individuals sense the shortage of the food, they excrete a chemical signal and all the individuals combines and make a multi-cellular organism….” He put another slice of orange in his mouth. “And you can imagine that a multi-cellular organism has better chances in finding food and coping with food shortages..”

“That’s neat.” Said I.

The teacher laughed. “You know…” he shook his head. “Once, there was a time, when I thought there were huge differences between the intelligence of the different human groups…” he paused and looked at me to see my response. I was waiting for him to continue. “I’m not so sure anymore…” he smiled again.

“So why are there so much differences in prosperity levels of different groups out there?”       asked I.

“It all about the systems…”

“Isn’t the systems are made and maintained by the people?” Puzzled, I interjected.

“That’s true.” He replied with a somber nod. “But the slime moulds don’t have the kinds of intelligence we attribute to our brains.”

I didn’t get, what he meant by that, so I stayed silent.

“Nakagaki cut a slime mould into pieces and put on a different corners of a plastic maze in a petri-dish. The slime moulds grew throughout the maze and became a single mould again….”

“So they behaved  like the times, when there were food shortages?”

“Exactly.” He put another slice of orange in his mouth and gestured me to eat my orange too. “And yeah, don’t forget these oranges are packed with Vitamin C, something your body doesn’t store...”

I picked the second orange to peel. “Especially, when air pollution is on rise, we need regular replenishment of the Vitamin C.” I laughed.

“Nakagaki put two pieces of agar filled with nutrients on the two corners of the maze, and in a few hours, the mould body shrank itself to the shortest path of the maze between the two agar pieces…”

“So, in a way, it solved a puzzle, right?”

“Right.” Said the teacher while wiggling his legs up and down. “But it wasn’t a conscious act of solving puzzles as some of us do enjoy…”

I felt like he wasn’t feeling easy to jump into conclusions, so I tried to distract him by changing the topic. “Once, I was so into solving the word puzzles that, as soon as I received the newspapers, soon after reading the current Tarzan series, I would jump to the word puzzle section to solve it.”

“See, I can’t decide, whether the slime moulds that don’t have any brain are more intelligent than people who created social systems that at one end of them, people need advisers to manage their wealth, and at the other end, people scavenge for food in the garbage piles…” the teacher paused. His legs still wiggled up and down. “What do you think?” He asked me.

“In this case, I guess, there must be some strong connection between intelligence and inequality…” replied I. “It is just a guess.” I stressed.

“That’s very likely.” The teacher smiled. “And yes, you need your vitamins to maintain that intelligence.”

“Balay Ustad.” I ate a slice of the orange. “You said that humans learned very early that walls weren’t the best solutions to protect their heavy investments?” Asked I.

“Balay” Said Ustad. “You know, soil erosion and soil degradation isn’t a new problem. Early human settlements faced these problems after intensive agricultural activities and pasturing. (While teacher mentioned the soil erosion, I remembered that we were living in a part of the world, where desertification was the biggest challenge and I repeatedly heard about the warnings of upcoming environmental migration. Other than grey mountains, the lands appeared khaki. Close to the mountain fans, where underground water reservoirs were once tapped by force of gravity through karez systems, were replaced by forcefully withdrawing the water through tube-wells. Down in plain areas of the valley, the soils were already showing the signs of salinization. Some of the urban farmers used sewage water to irrigate their salad and vegetable farms. You could never told the vegetables or the salad that you are buying are either supplied by sewage- vegetable-farms, tube-well-vegetable-farms or supplied from other provinces such as Sindh and Punjab. Any casual visit to the two civil hospitals in the city, one  could see that patients with gastritis complaints were the routine visitors to the hospitals. The political and social impacts of the water scarcity were already becoming obvious. Those with political or social influences had more rights to the underground water than the ordinary citizen. So, it was kind of normal where populations of poor neighborhoods that numbered in hundreds of thousands people received none to few hours a week of water supply from the city sources and had to meet their water need by buying water tankers who supplied water at high prices, the influential individuals sold the water to water tankers or used the water to maintain their huge lawns, farms and orchards. It was common to hear the phrases such as land mafia and water-tanker mafia. Any way, from where we sat, I realized the scarcity of limited resources and worse than that an unstable and very poorly organized and maintained social structures living off those limited resources. It was true that there weren’t much room for manipulations when the resources were very limited. It was a real time bomb scenario.) ….

Continued….