Is bailout plan a conspiracy? Read the “Conspiracy theory of 2008”

As the people around the world were celebrating to welcome New Year of 2009, the events of 2008 were completing the last chapters of a story. This is the story of the oil and gas prices which is the center of politics in all five continents, from Persian Gulf to Niger delta, from Caspian Sea to Siberia, From Alaska to Mexico, and From Venezuela to East Timor. Just look of the few events around the politics of oil and gas in 2008.

1- In start world was evident of historical rises in oil prices. Oil prices were threatening to a level that governments all over world especially USA, were debating on curing the oil addictions and turning to new sources of energy. Solar, wind, geothermal, clean coal, bio-fuel, etc were the hot debates and common topics in newspapers, magazines, political, economical and academic circles.

2- The Russian and Ukraine tensions over gas prices. Russians were asking more oil prices from countries in West Europe to which Russia supply gas. The rising prices of oil and gas were pressing the economics of importing countries. The economics of Western countries, USA, China, Japan, India and other small countries allied to western coalitions were under pressure of oil prices. Iran, Venezuela, Russia and Cuba were using the oil and gas as a political card.

3- Iran and Venezuela were making agreements to cooperate in oil and gas sector and to set up a mutual fund based on it to struggle and help countries against imperialism.

4- Similarly the Venezuela and Cuba were making socialists agreements based on which the Venezuela exported Oil in exchange to medical services they were getting from Cuba. The oil and gas were promoting socialism and anti-imperialism.

It was a real threat to Western Coalition after cold war. Certainly it was a serious attack on the capitalism after the U-turn of USSR and Communist China.

5- To strengthen this socialist attack the symbol of Islamic revolutionary Iran, made another attack against imperialism by announcing the Oil bourse in Southern port city of Kish and announced that the trading currency will be Euro instead of US dollar. The purpose was simple to understand and it had three core purposes:

a- To shift the oil market from London to the Persian Gulf. Naturally, UK is non producer country but as London is trading centre of Oil hence despite of non-producer country, it control the oil prices and get benefits of oil trading throughout of the world.

b- To weaken dollar. The dollar has no gold backing as normally people conceived. It is only trust of people on dollar due to large trading in dollar that make dollar a precious commodity in the world. If the trust of people weakens on dollar then the value of dollar will lower. This strategy of Iran worked earlier as certain countries started to shift their dollar reserves into Euro. This move strengthened the value of Euro and its value become higher than US dollar. This was a real economic attack of Iran against USA which was tightening her economical siege against Iran.

c- To attract the investments from all over world especially from neighboring Arabian countries and to lessen the degree of inclinations of Arabian countries on West. Iran strongly needed the support of the Arabian countries to make Islamic renaissance a fact. As Arabian countries are mostly non-democratic states so the governments are very weak and are in danger of popular appraisal as the people are empowered by introduction of new technologies and awareness in people. These kingdoms and dictators have stronger threats from their own people than any external forces, so they cooperate with Western countries to save their positions. Even they recognize and support Israel to save their positions. Iran is well aware of rich but weak governments of Arabian countries. The democratic Arabian countries would be strength of a revolutionary Iran, so the bourse of the oil in Iran though not much successful in attracting the Arab investments but will certainly make an example to attract the attentions of both people and decision makers in Arabian states and hence cause a change.

The world, especially political analyst was waiting to the response of the capitalist world. There were no sign of response in any country. Suddenly out of nowhere the financial corporate of USA started to fall. The mortgages and financing were in real trouble. World were observing in shock the collapse of capitalism, as last hope of modern men in modern economical systems. The USA government announced the bailout plan as a savior. The socialists were keenly observing the US socialist move to save capitalism. Following USA, all economic powers of world which were oil exporting countries announced bailout plans. UK, Japan, Germany, India were leading in bailout plans. Despite the bailout plans the financial markets continued collapsing. A real global recession began. The trade volumes started to shrink, the demands for supplies decreased and the prices fell down. The most noteworthy prices that fell were that of oil. The oil prices fell up to 100 $ per barrel. It was the biggest hit and answer to socialist countries like, Venezuela and Cuba, as well as conventional rival Russia and similarly to rebellious Iran. Certainly the people all over world were paying the prices but not governments. It was only people who are having hard times but the governments are rich and they are paying the corporations who are partners in their games. Big financial corporate and car companies are getting benefits from billions of dollars of public tax money. The corporations need money either by interests of their loans and sells they provide to people or by public tax money through bailout plans.

The most noteworthy point is that despite of global financial crises the oil producing countries had no bailout plans. The fallen oil prices pressed hardly their economics but there were no bailout plans as they were aware of the game and economical attack of the Western Coalition.

The gas producing countries like Russia, Iran and Qatar again gathered in Moscow to make an organization like OPEC to become able to cope with economic attack of Western Coalition by creating a global financial crisis. On contrary the bailout plans and financial crisis continued to keep the pressures on rivals. Let’s see! Which force will succeed in their plans and how common men survive out of clashes?

HEGEMONY OR SURVIVAL IN THE NEW CENTURY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONFLICTS

"Whoever commands the sea, commands the trade; whosoever commands the trade of world, commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself.".....Walter Raleigh, Sr.

INTRODUCTION:-

It is a common practice to relate the power with economy and likewise hegemony with economy. Yes, it is true that economy is the binding force in the human relations of any category but it only represents one face of the coin. The next face of the coin is politics, which rotates around some issues that are based on a theory or a belief. The politics and economy’s relation is like relation of particle and wave. Just as particle and wave is the dual nature of matter that we can’t separate them. Similarly politics and economy are the dual nature of any human society and we can’t separate them. In economy we always see the differences between profits and losses but never of defeats and victories. In politics we speak of victories and defeats as it is rely on some sort of the issue. Both of the two sets of terms are interchangeable. In both defeats and losses one loss support and trust and in case of victory and profit get support and trust but one thing is common in both of the sets as everlasting and that is experience. These experiences shape the growing theories and beliefs.

DISCUSSION:-

Followings are the postulates of the discussion.

1. Conflicts are the intrinsic part of the human society as human societies are the sets of live people and hence grow.
2. Anything that grows, changes.
3. Life has two unique characteristics. First it reproduces and second it passes the changes to next generation.
4. Politics always rely on some issue.
5. The issues in politics are always relating to some sort of the ideology or belief.
6. Politics and economy are the two binding forces of the human society.
7. Politics and economy are the two faces of the same coin.
8. Politics and economy are the two means through which men compete each other over resources.
9. The main objective of the competition is growth.
10. Though the men have common virtues but there are no two ideologies or beliefs that are not in conflicts about the virtues.
11. All the ideologies and beliefs have followers and believers either they are good or bad in ones judgment in all times though the number varies.
12. The ideologies and beliefs grow according to the growth of the human societies. New perspectives of ideologies and beliefs always accompany the growths.
13. The experiences that men get from the results of the political and economical conflicts shape the growths of ideologies.
14. New perspectives of the ideologies and beliefs are the bases of the new political and economical conflicts.
15. The loss in the popularity is the not the death of an ideology but it will be reintroduced with a new perspective.
16. It is an accepted fact that the conflicts under rules and regulations is beneficial for both of the opponents and open conflicts without roles and regulations are dangerous for both opponents.
17. The levels of danger and benefits are directly proportional to the levels of the growth.
18. the globalization, especially in terms of the economics made all the political events of global level impacts.
19. As the beliefs and ideologies are the bases of the political activities hence beliefs and ideologies of any significance have global impacts.
20. The ideology/belief, economics and politics are the three main characters of the global impacts, which will define future both in terms of the dreams and nightmares.
21. The dreams of an ideology/belief will be the political and economic dreams of the believers and the nightmares of an ideology/belief are the political and economical dreams of the believers.
22. The political and economical conflicts shape the dreams and nightmares with new perspectives.
23. The tools of the globalization are means of communication, trade and education.
24. The tools of globalization shape the global civilization.
25. The mismanagement of the globalization tools result in the forms of global dangers.
26. The growth of the nuclear, biological, chemical weapons and mass psychological torture techniques are the tools of the anti-growth.
27. No nation with any capability can resist the impacts of the globalization.

RESULT:-

In the 21st century human being has to decide whether they want the global civilization or the global destruction.

CHOOSING THE GLOBAL CIVILIZATION

INTRODUCTION:-

As the global trade, global communication and global education are the tools of the globalization, hence their handling will shape the future of the humanity. There must be global the rules and regulations on the bases of the equality to handle these tools. Global democracy is the future of mankind but it must be based beyond of the ideologies, beliefs and regionalism by accepting them as facts. The most practical type is this global democracy is the based on the trade and profession instead of old and present democracies which are based on the ideologies and regionalism and hence are always make divisions and threatens men to dangers of wars. Every profession and trade must have local parliaments and the hence the global parliament. All the professions global parliaments make the global parliament.

Global democracy
Global parliament
Global profession parliaments
Local profession parliaments

The idea of the profession parliaments is based on one common point and that is growth. All the fields of knowledge, all ideologies, all religions and beliefs aim to human growth. If human growth is the common point acceptable to all without any difference so we have to base the global civilization on this common point. This civilization has very clear objective, which is common to all human being.

Each profession has its own problems, technicalities, requirements and their roles in the human growth. Hence no one else can help them better than themselves to help each other to solve their problems and also enhance their capabilities to enhance human growth and less and lessen the dangers and side effects.

THE NEED FOR GLOBAL ELYSIUM MOVEMETS (GEM)

As earlier said that the tools of globalization are communications, trade and education, which shape the future of global civilization. Hence there is a strong need to work for a global mechanism, which regulate the global freedom of trade, global freedom of education and global freedom of communication and provide surety and guarantee every human kind his/her rights and duties as global citizen regardless of race, language, region, status, gender, beliefs and ideology. Every global citizen has the freedom to participate in the global democracy through the local profession parliament. Every global citizen has the freedom to acquire as many trade as many he/she is able to acquire and has the ability to put his/her shares.

THE BASE OF GLOBAL CIVILIZATION

INTRODUCTION:-

All the fields of knowledge, all the ideologies and beliefs have the same objective and that is human growth. If human being succeeds to achieve this objective then the human being will become immortal and perfect, as they will be able to govern all the laws, which govern the universe. There will be no destructive thinking or imagination or destructive tools as all the destruction are due to flaws. Flawless men with flawless knowledge can’t imagine, think, intend and act wrongly. Though these all looks impossible and totally imaginative but these are the objectives of human beings. The common scientific theories certify and predict this objective of human being as achievable and ultimate decision of the nature. I have named this common objective of human being as ELYSIUM. This is the base of human being.

Analyzing radicalization

The world is changing both by designs of global authorities to deepening their rules and by empowering of people. Now it almost eight years that people of world is hearing about the war on terror and fighting radicalization. Certainly we have seen acts and counteracts and now we are in a position to analyze it by keeping in view events and their consequences. We can compare the rival forces in these social tensions. While western countries are allied against terrorism and radicalisms and they have some allies in Asia also. In this war the people of West seem not active in social and political processes. Contrary to them some parts of the Muslim countries are looking active despite of the inactiveness of their governments. There may be several interpretations and analysis of events according to interests and positions in this war but it is important to analyze them in perspective of events linked with each other to gain some historic perspectives and mechanism of change in view of emerging technologies and knowledge.

It is an accepted fact that emerging technologies have empowered people not only by improving economical and social status of people but also educational and expressional levels of people. Economical and educational improvements along facilitations in expressions and communications have made people an inevitable partner in sharing of power. The people want their voices heard and their representatives stand for their voices. Certainly people first look to their governments both for their voices and stand on it. The political parties are also means for the voices of people and their stands but if both governments and political parties failed to hear the voices of people and stand for them people look to alternatives. Certainly any group of people with clear goals and daring and means to hear voices of people and stand for them will emerge as alternatives. These groups in first stages refer existence but for sure by preparing grounds they tend to take a hold on power. Government is the last mean to deliver promises they make to people. Though these groups emerge as a result of failure of the governments and political parties to hear the voices of people and stand for them but still if these groups have no social welfare program the people soon fade up of them and will turn against them. But if these groups develop capability to not only hear voices of people and stand for them but also social welfare program to improve the livelihood of people they will get wide acceptance. This is not a hypothesis but the situations in previous eight years made them evident to the people of world. Now we come to some examples for our claim. We divide the groups emerged as an alternative to governments and political parties into two groups:

1- Successful groups

2- Failed groups

1- Successful groups:


The groups in this category though different from each other and operate in different regions for different objective but they have some factors in common that categorize them in this group:


a- They emerged as a result of failure of governments and political parties to hear the voices of people and stand for them.

b- Resistance to occupying forces is the core of their identity and organization.

c- They have social welfare programs beside resistance which make strong trust and confidence of people in them.

d- They call for unity and political reconciliations to work for common objectives.

Certainly these features have made them popular among the people for whom they stand. They are standing firm despite international pressures and sanctions. Though authorities and so called public representatives are not welcoming them in open due to love of their positions and their international compulsions but they also accept the effectiveness of these groups. These groups are the examples of current political, economical analysts to understand the role of technological and economical empowerments in lives of people. Surely empowered people of modern age behave from ideologically motivated people of previous century. In 20th century the people in West were ideologically motivated and hence the Socialist revolutions and nationalist movements led to technological and economical empowerments of people as well as clashes which resulted into international organizations like United Nations and World Trade Organization. In 21st century there is understandable silence over western people but people in east are motivated. Though these is international pressures on governments to prevent public upraises but alternative forces are on work to shape the political and economical history of 21st century. Some famous organizations are included, Hezbollah of Lebanon, Jaish Al Mahdi of Iraq, Hamas of Palestine, Islamic court of Somalia.

2- Failed groups:

Though these groups emerged due to failure of governments and political parties and were raised for voices of people and stand for them but as they made violence their primary tool and they had no welfare programs as well as no unity and political conciliation for common goals. The oppressing nature and violent strategy and the radical stands and beliefs made them rootless in people. Some of these groups like Mujahidin of Afghanistan and Taliban made governments but their governments failed and made their ideologies unacceptable to people as they were biased, based on fear and violence and lacking programs of social welfare and conciliation. The Al-Qaida couldn’t reach to power as they were totally based on violence, non-tolerance, biased strategy and radical ideology.

Conclusion:


Weak governments and non-professional democratic political parties are incapable to hear the voices of people and stand for them. The governments need to make themselves capable of delivering the promises they make to people. For making this able the political parties need to be changed. Political parties need to shape their organizations like organizations of governments and make professional people lead these specialized parts of political organizations that they become able not only to hear the voices of people and stand for them but also train people and make policies that when they come to power they could deliver the promises made to people. These kinds of political parties not only make strong governments but also prevent originating alternative groups. If we make a quick look on the difference of the political parties and alternate groups, one difference is very evident and clear. The political parties lack organizations and capabilities to work out of governments and deliver promises they make to people. On contrary the alternate groups are well organized with professional and devoted people who are able to deliver the promises they make to people. Similarly, as army is a self reliance organization with specialized fields led by professional people so dictators who rule by force of army are more successful than political parties which lack professional people and specialized organization. The only answer to radicalization is to restructure the political parties by law to make them able not only answer cultural calls but also provide social welfare benefits and stand for their people’s voices.

Scientific aesthetics

Beauty, truth and uniqueness are the foundation of an aesthetics and Science is filled with these three factors so we can categorize the aesthetically parts of nature that science brings to us as scientific aesthetics. Both Scientific ideas as well as what science reveals to us are unique and beautiful. Scientific ideas are much special as not all are attracted to them because they require a level of understanding and mental labor to appreciate them. But still the worlds that Science reveals is appealing to all. Unique creatures of deep oceans, insect world, unique plants and trees, world of galaxies, stars, planets and moons and microscopic world are all what all get puzzles and attracted to them. It is my common experience as a lecturer of geology that rocks, minerals attracts all but fossils and petrologic microscope puzzle students and it takes time to become noraml and out of puzzlings. But a researcher who knows the underlying facts and can reconstruct mentally will never stop puzzling and discovering the hidden parts of nature that science reveal to him.

Lets have an aesthetic tour,

1- Unique insects:



2- Unique sea life:



3- Unique organisms of past:



4- Unique plants:



Granite is beautiful decorative rocks that is used in building constructions and decorative industry. But crystals in granite do not change colors. It is not right under crossed nicols in petrographic microscopes. See the following video to observe the changing of colors. Is not aesthetic?



6- Unique telescopic world:

Spirituality is real individualism

Spirituality is expressed in forms of wisdom. Wisdom is a level of spiritual experiences that one encounters. However, spirituality and religion is two different experiences. A quick look to any religious belt of any religion we find soulless and spiritless followers who follow the religion as a habit or identity by born or following blindly the instructed ways. Everyone has spirit but spiritual experiences are rare. Spirit is pure wisdom, which could be experienced by revealing of self through meditation. Spiritual experiences are satisfied moments of life which fills minds and hearts with pleasure and satisfaction. Individualism is a frequently used term which later on got the label of existentialism. Both individualism and existentialism are mere philosophical terms which were highly debated and popularized but without any workable methodologies or clearly defined parameters. The freewill and responsibility of consequences to accept what one is, is a confused effort to convince all to bind with nothing. Spirituality is a real individualism, as at its first step, it is the revealing of self. Both individualism and existentialism could be expressed in many forms. It could be debated in favor or against it but to experience what one is, is the practice of spirituality.

It is an open fact that spirituality is expressed in forms of wisdom but how spirituality is practiced? How can one communicate with his spirit? There are many different forms of spiritual movements which are based on different forms of believe but all have some common aspects and that is, “Bodily needs are barriers to spiritual experiences. Human experiences rely on five senses and five senses have limits which confuse us to levels of deceiving”. To maximize feelings and experiences to more precision, it is required to control the bodily needs to required needs or to do justice to bodily needs along with meditations.

An individual asked a spiritualist, “What do you expect of illiterate persons to meditate and think to. For example, what a shoe maker has to think and meditate about?”

“Certainly, everyone meditate and think through his work, profession and knowledge. A carpenter can meditate and think best with wood works, metallurgist through metals and a philosopher through philosophy” replied the spiritualist.

Hence meditations and controls of bodily needs to just needs to maximize the experiences and feelings to precisions of senses are common to all and to reveal how they are. As the level, scope and dimensions of every individual are unique to individual, so spiritual experiences are also unique to individuals hence spirituality is the real individualism. The divisions that individualism are anthropocentric or human-centered and spirituality is God-centered is a fake division as human is creation of God so humans are expression of creation and are related or linked to God. When we say realize yourself as you are, in fact we are realizing the creation of God. On contrary we communicate to God, in fact we are linking to ourselves as our communications are circling around ourselves. Hence realizations, expressions, communications, acceptance, etc are ending to the same goal.

Wisdom is the product of realizations, communications, etc to self and God irrespective of the starting points. How are we certain enough about the spirituality as a face of wisdom? Spirituality is product of reason and practice. We can call it spiritual dialectic just like Hegel’s thesis, antithesis and synthesis, the spirituality is a synthesis of reasons and practice. What we are calling reason, is the principles to which a spiritualists are bounded while practicing spirituality. Why a spiritualist practice bounding to certain principles? It is just like a game where players, play under certain rules to be judged. In spiritualist practices, one is bound to certain principles to judge himself or know what he is? Certainly one is not so shallow that could understand self just by certain choices but one can understand self when one start an adventure of self. All the principles which make the practice, rational are based on calculated discipline which is justice to self and society. One can call it natural morality, which measures behaviors. Here the self become evident by resisting the natural morality. Keeping all these in view, the spirituality becomes an adventure to discover self but not randomly. It is an adventure under reason and by practice. Similarly, knowledge is ability to judge so adventure in discovering self make the judgment strong so the spiritual become a source of wisdom and wisdom is a level of spiritual experience. Judgment, discovery and synthesis are core of wisdom and tools of spirituality. Spirituality’s motivation is love but it is not a blind love. It is a competitive love based on principles to discover self.

Conclusion: Though, spirituality is driven by love but is based on principles to discover self. As self is unique to individuals so we can’t delineate the spiritual experiences. What is certain is that we can benefit from its products and that is wisdom.

Hazara Idealism

Much of the great philosophers, politicians, economists, men and women of letters and scientists rise out of ruins of wars and stresses of social tensions. These great men were feeling and experiencing from deep within themselves the human feelings of pains and joys. Their imaginations were not gained out of words in books or lectures delivered in classes of well acquainted universities or discussions in cafes filled with smokes of tobaccos. Their imaginations were not sparkled with music and dances. They had felt what really human nature is when they are free to act. What human can do when they have no fear of accountability and they feel ultimate power? What religions, ideologies, culture or in whole humanism mean to men with they are in tensions or they are filled with anger? What survival and struggle means to those who are filled with fear? Great men have felt all these and when they talk or think of human nature they are think in originality with naked experiences of human nature and when they imagine of solutions or talk of humanity they really means when they talk of liberty, freedom, responsibility and morality. Aesthetics to them is life itself which worth living. Aesthetic is not mere existence but living.

Now when Hazaras have experienced both as a nation and individuals in deep what the human nature is for centuries. They have lost a lot in every aspects of life through centuries and now when they realizing their existence they know, what life is and what life means. They had suffered for longest time period any other nation had suffered worst kinds of threats, confiscations, persecutions, massacres and all kind of prolonged siege, so they know well what struggle for survival means. Now the world will expect of their deep experiences to produce great politicians, economists, philosophers, men and women of letters and scientists that will add to understanding of humankind about human. This is called Hazara idealism.

When a nation begins a renaissance to resurrect or take rebirth, they are usually in a position to overcome the threats to their existence and now they are walking towards their essence. When we use words like renaissance, it means that we are against the traditions and cultures that were and are and we are on the struggle of creating the whole sets of new cultures and traditions to replace all existing ones. When we come to Hazaras, then the situations change.

1- Hazaras have a lost glorious past that had changed the whole course of regions and had deep influences in history of mankind and in lives and cultures of the people they ruled on. Still India symbolizes the Taj Mahal which is the remnant of the Mogul Empire. Urdu is another contribution of the Mogul empire which is a connecting language in South Asia and national language of Pakistan. Mongols though destroyed all who resisted them starting from china to Iran, North Africa and Baghdad but left these nations with glorious empires and enriched cultural and economical foundations. Before rise of Islam, Hazaras were Buddhists. To thanks the Buddha for his teachings they carved largest standing and sleeping Buddahs in heart of Hazarajat. As Buddha were an Indian so when later on when Moguls ruled India, they had in mind the debts of teachings of Buddha, so they enriched the culture of India by introducing Urdu, Qawali, religious tolerance, unique Mogul constructions and symbol of love Taj Mahal. Hazaras were also in debt of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) for His teachings so they remained loyal to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and His family throughout of their history after they choose Islam as their new religion. Hazaras as loyal to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and His family were considered infidels by radical Muslims and were massacred several times by orders of Jihad against them from Abdurrahman to Taliban. The Hazaras never converted as they believed in righteousness of teachings of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) reached to them by family of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) not by others.

2- Then there are centuries of dark ages when Hazaras alienated from world by economical, political, religious, cultural and physical siege. The elongated siege and continuous struggle to wipe out Hazaras physically resulted in worst psychological scars on Hazaras that Hazaras forgot to live not only as a nation but even like human beings.

3- The third stage is a stage of transition when Hazaras started to realize their existence. It is the time when Hazaras tested and are testing the world they live in by allowing different forces to rule and to choose the most suitable out of them. The Hazaras have tested tribalism and tribal leaders, Communist socialism, Mujahidin, nation state, capitalist democracy. Unfortunately, Hazaras have not got hopelessness after every promises made by these systems and their representatives.

4- After the bitter experiences and bitter factual realization of the failure of the all exported and imposed solutions and promises of revitalizing the existence of Hazaras now it is time to take inspiration from glorious past and struggle to create a whole sets of new tools to create new cultures, traditions, economical and political systems as well as well new knowledge to not only make Hazarajat to standards of Hazaras but also set example to world to follow. The historical experiences of Hazaras are great assets for them. They just need to mold them into master pieces that change the human history. This is called Hazara Idealism.

Energy drives evolution (Opinion)

Energy drives evolution:

If we accept the Haldane model of origin of life on the earth then we it was energy (lightening, UV and heat) that made it possible that inorganic compounds evolve into first life forms. And now the most recent product of evolution (man) has used energy (liquid and solid fuel and also gravity) in his struggles to explore and colonize the space. Life's first choice of energy source was water, as water itself is a source of energy and also it is a universal solution that have dissolved essential nutrients and minerals so life in its first step colonized oceans, then shores and swampy areas and continued to plain areas and cold and mountainous aras and air. In the tales of evolution I will explore the journey of life in colonizing energy sources.

Introduction:

Evolution is a fact and it is evident in all disciplines of biology and as biology is expanding by introduction of new areas new evidences of evolution is emerging. But despite of this ongoing expansion in biology, the evolution is still unexplained. Evolution still stands at the same place where it was started. Majority of scientists link the expansion in biology as an expansion in evolution. But to me it is because of ambiguity. We have to distinguish evolution as a natural process that is evident equally in physical, chemical and biological worlds (If we are looking from perspective of each discipline). But we are more interested in biological evolution because it is related to us (to our physical being, to our identity, culture, language, society, beliefs, knowledge and everything).

We hear new expressions in biological evolution like, modern synthesis, punctuated equilibrium and modern synthesis extended. These are all indicating advances in biology not in evolution. When Darwin presented his mechanism of biological evolution it was based on natural selection and common descent. Biological evolution is still sticking to these two concepts by adding or accreting new advances in biology. When new concepts and advances are made in inheritance or genetics then by adding these advances into Darwinian concepts, it became modern synthesis. When fossil records show an almost regular pattern of mass extinctions, especially the big five then by adding this new advances the concept of the punctuated equilibrium emerged. Still this process is continued. Behavioral studies, developmental biology, cultural evolution, etc are being added to concept of evolution and hence the concept of extended modern synthesis emerges.
As I told earlier though biology is expanding but evolution is still standing where it was started. The real scientific concept of evolution is started from Darwin and the most famous book of Darwin is “On the origin of species” which is published on the November 1859. Now after one and half century later, we still couldn’t find an accepted definition of species. Yes! Biology despite of the big advances still faces the Species problem.

Besides species problem, still the origin of life, Cambrian explosion is still unresolved and there is widening gap between concept of evolution between paleontology and genetics. Though computers have given us possibilities of computations and graphical reconstructions and presentations but still we have to resolve the most basic questions that evolution faces and try to look into alternative beside natural selection. Environmental sciences are showing new pictures, especially the dominant roles of gravity, energy, cycle of elements and nutrients in changing ecosystems. Now it depends on us that either we are bold enough to this new information to look into alternatives or not?

In Tales of evolution, I will try to return to basic concepts of evolution and try to look them from new perspectives. YOUR COMMENTS AND CRITICISMS ARE WELCOMED. I will publish them in series and put the links below on this page.

Is "Arab Spring" the 2nd Great Arab Revolt? (Opinion)

Though we look to current rapidly changing Middle East as "Arab Spring" and a move towards a democratic Middle East but it is also interesting to know the 2nd and less heard opinions on this situation... I thought it is not going to harm if we learn about this perspective also and it goes like,

The first great Arab Revolt was against the Ottoman Empire funded chiefly by British Empire to reshape the Middle East... The current controlled revolutions in Arab countries entitled as "Arab Spring" seems like a 2nd Great Arab Revolt to reshape the Middle East... and it was inspired and based on the first great Arab revolt... The first Arab Revolt not only torn apart Ottoman empire into many Arab dynasties but also reduced Ottoman Empire into much smaller secular Turkey. Besides, it also gifted the Arab-Israel conflict... It might look like a "conspiracy theory" but international interference, military interventions and sanctions definitely cause doubts on the indigenous nature of these revolts and it helps emergence of theories like that of 2nd Great Arab Revolt...

Following is a part of documentary about 1st Great Arab Revolt (Though it escapes many facts that are interesting to know about current Arab ruling families),

Science and metaphysics

August 5th, 2008

In an era that we term it as an era of quantum mechanics, certain issues have raised which force us to rethink about them. In physics, we study about characteristics of

- Energy
- Force
- Field of force
- Gravity
- Magnetism
- Spin

But what is energy? What is force? What is field of force? What is gravity? What is magnetism? What is spin?

To all these questions we are silent because nature of things is beyond the mechanism of science. Scientific study starts from observation and nature of things are not visible so nature of things is beyond scope of the science.

Similarly in biology we study about the characteristics of

- Life
- Intelligence

But what is life? And what is intelligence? Is beyond the scope of biology as life and intelligence is beyond the observations.

Every discipline has its own methodology. It is the methodology that defines a discipline and made them workable. Scientific method has not developed overnight or by one person. It has its developmental stages. Once it was totally an area of religions, spiritual movements and magic that was explaining all processes. It was mainly rooted in ancient cultures. All processes were explained by beliefs rooted in these cultures and spiritual movements. Philosophy took birth from debates, discussions, dialogues and lessons of Sophists in ancient Greece. Struggles for convincing others put basics of logic and later on search for truth devised logic in a mechanized form.

1- These mechanized logic help philosophy to explain objects and processes in a rational manner.
2- These logics were in approach of anyone that wants to learn them and apply them.
3- They were also helpful in predicting consequences.

Contrary to magical and spiritual knowledge that were specialized to some persons, logic was a common and convincing method of explaining and understanding the world. In Islamic era, the Muslim scientists added to logic the process of experimentations or practical verifications of logic. These two developments provided the basic foundations for advent of Science. Science is growing as new disciplines are introduced but still logic for explanations and experimentations for verification of experimentations are two basic tools for all scientific disciplines.
Now it is a well devised way which works like machine for generation of scientific knowledge.
Though it is common to all who attended school but it worth mentioning for sake of comparison and it is as follows,

1- Observation
2- Hypothesis
3- Experiment
4- Result (deduction/induction)
5- Laws/Principle

Though it is a successful method that generates reliable knowledge and is contributing to human evolution but it still it fails to answer anything about nature of matter, energy and fields of forces. Human can’t stop themselves from perusing about nature of things hence we need to reconsider metaphysics. Science has set an example for us both by its developmental stages and by its successful mechanism that caused it to diversify, become popular, unify scientific knowledge, set standards for judgments and guidance for both followers and other disciplines. Sure! Metaphysics are running on logic but it needs one another tool like experimentation in science to make it a reliable and a generator of knowledge and understandings.

Argument:

It is a common knowledge and a commonly accepted fact that there is an order in nature. We call this order as discipline. Science and especially quantum mechanics proved and popularized that this order and discipline is quantized or simply calculated. Hence we can say that there is a calculated discipline in nature. If there is calculated discipline in characteristics of nature then there also should be calculated discipline in nature of things or nature. Calculated discipline is common in nature but it is our approach that we have divided it into physics and metaphysics. What are observable comes under consideration of science. Those things that are part of nature but is not visible didn’t come under area of study of science hence it should come under study of another discipline. As metaphysics were already studying these, so why not revitalize it by providing it a methodology of study? It just requires a methodology like science for revitalizing it. There is one problem that works like an obstacle for devising a methodology for it and that is nature of things is not sensible but they could be felt. Feelings are not discrete and measurable like senses (tools of observation).

Result:

As there is calculated discipline in nature, so there shouldn’t be difference between characteristics and nature of things or nature. Science devised a methodology and succeeded in explaining nature and using its forces hence it is also possible to develop a methodology for metaphysics and make it explain the nature of things that is beyond the scope of scientific study.

President Obama’s speech to Muslims and clash of civilizations

President Barack Obama's speech at Cairo University to Muslims world at June 4th 2009 was composed mainly of following parts:

1- Acknowledgment of clash of civilizations
2- Announcements of ending clash of civilizations policy
3- Acknowledging of Muslim’s role in development of world in pre-modernity period.
4- Asking for a cooperation to counter the sources of clash of civilizations
5- Acknowledging seven sources of clash of civilizations to be faced cooperatively,

Though it is against my habit to quote directly a speech but here I quote directly some paragraphs of speech due to its historical importance. I am not declaring it, historical because it is President Obama’s speech to Muslim world but because it is the announcement of the President of USA to end clash of civilizations.

By collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 the cold war as well as bipolarity of cold war world ended. The USA stood as a sole superpower so there was a need of a new world order. Political theorists tried hard to map out post soviet world. Samuel Huntington published an article by title of “Clash of civilizations?” in 1993 in Foreign affairs magazine. This article started a non-ending debates as well as suspicion of “others civilizations” and us against them attitudes. The emergence of neo-conservatism in President Bush’s period and the global war of terror proved clash of civilizations as a foreign policy of USA. Neo-conservatism is defined in the Wikipedia as, “Neoconservatism is a political philosophy that emerged in the United States of America, and which supports using American economic and military power to bring liberalism, democracy, and human rights to other countries.”

In 1996, Professor Joseph Nye, proposed the projection of smart power which is adopted by Obama administration as is evident of use of this term several times during the Senate confirmation hearing of Hillary Clinton for position of Secretary of State on January 13, 2009. Adopting smart power as a foreign policy was to disband clash of civilizations as it is impossible to project soft power while clashing with civilizations. Though clash of civilizations attracted a widespread attentions across of the globe but it didn’t worked as a paradigm and especially as a foreign policy, as it led the world generally and USA, especially to an economic depressions that took too much before healing to normal. The global economic depression was as significant event as collapse of Soviet Union as it let the Nation States, global institutions as well as political thinkers to realign themselves and to not look only from windows of desires but also from windows of ground realities.

The speech of President Obama to Muslim world is the announcement of ending clash of civilizations and the projection of smart power. Let’s see what the time will judge on the role of smart power in post clash of civilizations world.

I will give headings to parts of speech that acknowledges aspects of clash of civilizations,
1- Acknowledgment of clash of civilizations

“We meet at a time of great tension between the United States and Muslims around the world, tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of coexistence and cooperation but also conflict and religious wars.

More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims and a Cold War in which Muslim majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.

Violent extremists have exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11, 2001, and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians have led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and western countries but also to human rights.”

2- Announcements of ending clash of civilizations policy

“Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known. We were born out of revolution against an empire.

We are shaped by every culture. Drawn from every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a simple concept, E pluribus unum: Out of many, one. Assimilation of Clash of civilizations?”

3- Acknowledging of Muslim’s role in development of world in pre-modernity period

“It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra, our magnetic compass and tools of navigation, our mastery of pens and printing, our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic culture has given us majestic arches and soaring spires, timeless poetry and cherished music, elegant calligraphy and places of peaceful contemplation. And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words and deeds the possibilities of religious tolerance and racial equality.”

4- Asking for a cooperation to counter the sources of clash of civilizations.
... let there be no doubt, Islam is a part of America. And I believe that America holds within her the truth that regardless of race, religion, or station in life, all of us share common aspirations: to live in peace and security, to get an education and to work with dignity, to love our families, our communities, and our God. These things we share. This is the hope of all humanity.”

Of course, recognizing our common humanity is only the beginning of our task. Words alone cannot meet the needs of our people. These needs will be met only if we act boldly in the years ahead. And if we understand that the challenges we face are shared and our failure to meet them will hurt us all.

For we have learned from recent experience that when a financial system weakens in one country, prosperity is hurt everywhere. When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk. When one nation pursues a nuclear weapon, the risk of nuclear attack rises for all nations.

When violent extremists operate in one stretch of mountains, people are endangered across an ocean. When innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective conscience.

That is what it means to share this world in the 21st Century. That is the responsibility we have to one another as human beings. This is a difficult responsibility to embrace, for human history has often been a record of nations and tribes, and, yes, religions subjugating one another in pursuit of their own interests.

Yet in this new age, such attitudes are self-defeating. Given our interdependence, any world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will inevitably fail. So whatever we think of the past, we must not be prisoners to it. Our problems must be dealt with through partnership, our progress must be shared.

5- Acknowledging seven sources of clash of civilizations to be faced cooperatively
Now, that does not mean we should ignore sources of tension. Indeed, it suggests the opposite. We must face these tensions squarely. And so, in that spirit, let me speak as clearly and as plainly as I can about some specific issues that I believe we must finally confront together.

1- The first issue that we have to confront is violent extremism in all its forms.
2- The second major source of tension that we need to discuss is the situation between Israelis, Palestinians and the Arab world.
3- The third source of tension is our shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons.
4- The fourth issue that I will address is democracy.
5- The fifth issue that we must address together is religious freedom.
6- The sixth issue — the sixth issue that I want to address is women's rights.
7- Finally, I want to discuss economic development and opportunity.



References

1- Text of Obama's speech to Muslims, 2009, Associated press:
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090604/ap_on_go_pr_wh/obama_text_7
2- Clash of civilizations? Samuel P Huntington, 1993, Foreign Affairs,
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/48950/samuel-p-huntington/the-clash-of-civilizations
3- Neoconservatism, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoconservatism
4- Smart Power, Wikipedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_power

Popular Culture is a business strategy

Now days promoted crazes hit the big cities of the world and it is categorized under the name of the popular culture. Actually these trends are the business strategies of multi national companies that can be categorized under the pseudo culture but not as a culture. Culture is the values that a society or a nation develops. Values have a higher rank than laws as law are minimum requirements of a society while values are the degrees of the excellence in the society.

Multinational companies can build and promote a peculiar trend through advertisements but can’t create cultures, as the sets of the values that develop under a culture do not support the business strategies. The world of business is very unpredictable and the world of the values is very clear and visionary that the two worlds are most of the time in conflicts with each others.

Yes it is right that the life of the people is more influenced through extensive advertisements rather than cultures but again the choices that people make are based on cultural values and boundaries. Values evolve and remain there intact but business strategies will change and the popular cultures raised by them give way to new trends. Values are organic, means they grow as they are enriched by knowledge and human experiences, hence they have very strong influence in the positive learning, while popular culture have negative learning effects.

The most drastic difference in every aspects of the human life is the difference of purpose. The popular culture has no purpose except of the promotion of particular or a set of products or services but values are always purposed for the human excellence. Popular culture is comparable to post modernism. As post modernism is the meaning of meaninglessness so is the popular culture.

I think post modern is designed and propagated to control the powers that modern men have got from creativity, knowledge and connectivity through different medium. Surely, organized, creative, aware and able modern men would change the world by leaving little space for exploitations and injustices. But alas! Post modernism and popular culture divided men by the name of individuality and personal choices and personal identities. This division led modern men to unorganized and confused creative individuals who could be easily influenced by the small personal interests and whose potentials could easily exploited.

Surely, the human societies are organic and they can’t be in same situation for long. As the mass media that once was totally owned and regulated by multinational companies and states are leaving their way to small personal media. The World Wide Web and the social networks are playing important role in this context. These personal web sites and social networks will make people more logical as the people become more accustomed and familiar with them. This is a source of hope for next generation of modern men. Surely, the values will make their way through logical people and multinational companies, businesses and states will not resist for long to desires and wishes of people. These changes in medias and hence in behavior of people will force the businesses to change their strategies to make more room for values also.

Non violence movements in Hazara Society

Non violence movements in India, South Africa and United States is not a strange phenomenon as both governments and people in these areas have long roots in ancient civilization and modern civilization where the people are settled in pluralistic and democratic cultures. But in Afghanistan in a country where for more than one and half century the Hazaras are massacred, enslaved, forcefully displaced, heavily taxed, forcefully converted, kept in siege, looted, burned and have banned from participation in governance and have kept in cave age with no modern civic developments, again the Hazaras takes the most democratic means of non violence movements for their rights is really strange. IT IS REALLY STRANGE BECAUSE THE US and the EU is well aware of the history and present conditions of Hazaras and Hazarajat and their cooperation with US and EU but they have left Hazaras to mercy of those forces that have been involved in massacres and exploitation of Hazaras.

The Non violence in Hazara Society is really strange as Hazaras had a parallel revolution against feudalism when the world involved in war against the invasion of USSR into Afghanistan. Hazaras also involved in armed struggle during the communist era and post communist era of Mujahiddin periods. A nation who is involved in thirty years of arms struggle, how could
switched into non violence movements?

The answer is simple. It is the trust of Hazara nation in the freedom, liberty, democracy, human rights and all civic principles based on which the modern globalized societies have laid their foundations. It is also the trust of Hazaras on the international forces that are shedding their blood and investing their resources to curb extremism and terrorism that Hazaras have fought against for more than one and a half century.

If the international community really wants to have great achievements in Afghanistan and to see the results of the blood they have shed and the resources that have invested in the Afghanistan they have to help the Hazara community and making Hazarajat able to home the modern civilized nation of Hazaras. Hazarajat can become symbol of achievements and a hub to change Central Asia, South Asia and Middle East.

Non Violence movement in Afghanistan:

One of the tactics that the Afghan Kings and establishments used for ethnic cleansing of Hazaras and confiscating their lands were Kuchis. For thirty of parallel revolution in Hazarajat, the Kuchis didn’t come to Hazarajat because they knew their historical records and the anger of Hazaras against them. But as soon as the Transitional governments established due to the Bonn agreements and there were no space for ethnic cleansing and confiscating of Hazara land, once again the Kuchis were used with support of racist supremacist and religious extremists. The armed nomads (Kuchis) start killing and kidnapping people, burning fields and homes and looting homes, cattle and grain reserves of people.

These invasions of Kuchis could be stopped by arms and could start a civil war. A nation which has fought thirty years of wars could manage and build a capacity for more wars but still Hazaras chose peaceful means.

1- Hazaras have completely disarmed under Diag project and changed their armed faction into political movements.
2- The political leadership of Hazaras several times met with president Karzai and requested him to stop and ban on invasions of Kuchis and also raise their voices in national Parliament.
3- As the government as well as international community is ignored they threatened for separation of Diag project and national government.
4- When again there were again the continuity of policy of ignoring and inactivity so the Hazara leader, Ustad Mohammad Muhaqiq went on hunger strike in protest to ignoring the bloodshed and occupation of Hazara lands.
5- The large demonstrations in Kabul, Heart, Mazar and Bamiyan in favor of protests of Ustad Muhaqiq. It forced the government to withdraw the Kuchis from Hazarajat.
http://www.topnews.in/thousands-hazaras-protest-kabul-over-land-dispute-nomads-253925

Non Violence movements in Hazaras of Pakistan:

From March 2004 till April 2008, more than 250 Hazaras are killed by suicide bombings and serial target killings in which their political leaderships, professionals, government officials, traders and common men are all equally targeted. The purpose was to slow down Hazaras economic and administrative successes they have achieved as well as to indulge them in sectarian and ethnic conflicts to change the change progressive democratic of Hazaras to an extremist societies. Hazara society in Quetta has a well developed and civilized community so they chose non violence movements.

1- Hazaras with cooperation of Union of Traders of Baluchistan held a week of protest in which peaceful demonstrations in different areas of city and press conferences.
2- Several seminars were held within Hazara community.
3- After a week of demonstrations the grand inter tribal, inter political parties jirga (meeting) was held in the General Mohammad Musa Khan College, where several proposals were recommended.
4- The proposals of grand jirga were presented to Baluchistan Assembly which were passed unanimously and asked the provincial governments to act on resolution.
The newspaper, THE NEWS, reported this way,

BA slams target killings of Hazaras,demands arrest of terrorists
http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=168947

“Wednesday,March,25,2009

QUETTA: The Balochistan Assembly (BA) on Tuesday unanimously adopted a resolution, condemning the target killings of Hazara tribesmen and settlers and demanding of the government to arrest the terrorists and perpetrators involved in the target killings in Quetta.

Speaker Muhammad Aslam Bhotani presided over the session. The resolution was tabled by PPP lawmaker Jan Ali Changezi. The mover, expressing concern over the deteriorating law and order situation in Balochistan, including the provincial capital, demanded of the government to implement the recommendations of the “Grand Jirga” held on March 18, 2009 in the city.”
It is really strange to me that Hazaras even under intense pressures and losses maintained their peaceful means of struggle while terrorism and violence is part of very small and negligible tribes and communities all over Pakistan. Hazaras living in heart of capital city of Baluchistan with half a million population and strong educational and economic achievements has the capacity to cease the city’s activities and they have proved that they have the capacity to do so by resisting the Marshal Law of Zia Ul Haq who hanged the most popular leader of Pakistan Mr. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto without resistance. The resistance of Hazaras against Zia Ul Haq’s dictatorship and Army operation on Hazara community in July of 1985 proved that Hazaras can’t accept illegitimate and undemocratic decisions in which their rights are challenged. And when a democratic government adopt a policy of ignoring and pressing people who have elected them then non violence movements along with building trust in fellow tribes and nations they can achieve their rights as well as prove their basic identity.

First Published in April 6th, 2009

Speciation (Under-construction)

Currently two concepts of species are generally accepted and are used. The first and primitive one is typological approach and the second is population approach (Biological Speciation Concept). When put in practice to study the mechanisms of variations these two concepts contradict with each other. In fact the BSC favores more an escape from competition and survival of fittest concept of Darwinian concept of evolution.

1. Allopatric Speciation

Speciation starts when a population is isolated from main population. There are two ways in which a population is isolated. They are isolated either by geographical barriers (Oceans, Mountain ranges, Deserts) or by living of organisms on the fringes of main population. Even adjacent population diverge into new species due to limited gene flow. This is called parapatric speciation. Both these processes of speciation is an escape speciation contrary to competitive speciation of Darwinian concept of evolution.

There are other ways of speciation which are not much evident as are allopatric and parapatric speciation, like sympatric speciation and ring speciation. These speciations are also an escape from competition. In sympatric speciation where two populaitons are overlapping and there is plenty of gene flow among them but they diverge because their hybrids are not fit enough.

Similarly, ring species interact with each other and there is gene flow but the end product is totally different from each others. All these speciations illustrate that organisms try to avoid competitions so they don't waste their energy.

Academic Buddha’s??? Searching for Happiness?

A common world view:

Science and religion are two largest sources of authorities in making world views of people. Science’s main focus is on origins and religion’s main focus is on purpose so it is why we can find people are following both. Majority of educated people following both in a coexisting frame of looking to origins from perspective of science and to the purpose of their life from perspective of religion.
Science has well recorded efforts of explaining the origins and we can track the developments of major theories that are commonly known. Science is a perpetual struggle to dig deeper in origins. Few examples are as follows,

Big bang is an explanation of science to origin of universe.

Plate tectonics is an explanation of origin of changes in earth’s crust.

Evolution is an explanation of origin of living being.

Quantum mechanics is an explanation of origin of matter, energy and time.

On other hand, religion’s main focus is on the purpose of life. (Though every religion has their own views about origins but they don’t stress much as science do) Morality is the core of every religion where everything is defined in terms of good or bad. If we want to simplify a religious stress on purpose, based on morality, we can do it as follows,

If you healthy so the purpose of your health is help those who are not healthy (ill)
If you have wealth so the purpose of your wealth is help those who don’t have wealth (poor)
If you are educated so the purpose of your education is to help those who didn’t get education (illiterate or less educated people).

If you are law abiding individual so you have to convince those who break the laws (criminals) and so on.

The actions based on these good and bad are judged in the next world where unlike this world where good and bad coexist, good have a separate world, “Paradise” and bad have its own separate world, “Hell”. The main purpose of every religion is having a moral life.

We can easily conclude that both Science and religion has their definitions of what they are looking into. AND THE MOST IMPORTANT POINT IS MOST PEOPLE FOLLOW BOTH ON THEIR EASE.

A common philosophy of Happiness:

Though the philosophy of Epicurus and Gotham Buddha is famous in how to pursue a happy life but when it is constituted in the US constitution people are let free to define their happiness. There is diversity in perspectives of happiness but the common concept of happiness just like any other concept takes its views from both religion and science (We have already mentioned that most modern men look to science and religion as a coexisting world views).

People’s perspectives of religious happiness:

People try at their best to have a moral life and live according to will of God they worship. From relationships, to dietary and to earnings they feel good when they act morally.

People’s perspectives of scientific happiness:

People rely on the science and products of science as a source of well being. People try to adopt new products to make their lives happier, from computers, to cars to electric appliances and synthetic products in their homes and offices.

Here both Scientific and religious products coexists. It is a common approach of people to happiness. What Gotham Buddha and Epicurus are saying comes next. When traders and authorities come in between to manipulate scientific products and religious products for their benefits makes peoples common judgments shaky. Advertisements make people spend and consume more than they need in search for more luxury and to be better by struggling against others moralities.
When people are lost from their track they look for happiness’s definitions, perspectives and techniques. They search in hope of finding a definition or a way to make them happier or at least back on track. Here we find a lot of GURUS teaching people, how to be happier. Certainly! Everyone search happiness according to their own methodologies. Religious authorities search them in verses to locate what happiness means. Monks search in the teachings and practices of the Buddha to find meaning of happiness. Also there is scientists who design experiments to observe responses of brains to stimulus to find what brain areas is responsible and how they can manipulate their studies result to make devices, drugs or techniques to use in curing. Also there are behavioral scientists that keep people under observations to collect data and statistically find behavioral adaptations of people to happiness. These all approaches we mentioned are a way to crack happiness but still we don’t find happiness vague and without a proper definition. Why, because all try to make happiness fitting into their own methods. They are not searching what happiness is in its raw and real nature as it is.

Happiness?

It is a custom that when one search for something, he must know what he is searching for? If someone generalizes, it could be misleading. Even if you want to shop for clothing, you do not generalize that I am going to shop for clothing. You specify what you want. It is really strange that we generalize states of mind under happiness. It is a misleading and one by a small pondering can get the key mistakes.

Both Gotham Buddha and Epicurus are based their works to how avoid the miseries. Gotham’s stress was on limiting expectations and Epicurus stressed on becoming self sufficient by avoiding synthesized needs by markets or society. Both these approaches are looking to happiness as cessation of miseries and sadness. Both of them were looking to sadness as caused by external stimulus so they were advocating of limiting external sources of sadness (For example expectations in case of Buddha and advertisements in case of Epicurus).

But does really happiness means cessation of pains, miseries and sadness? Or it is something else? People may not wonder much about happiness and sadness as they are temporary states and they come and go. Most have convinced themselves to just live with them as they think life is a mixture of happiness and sad.

But does happiness is a momentarily states that alternate with sadness? Until we do not define happiness we can’t judge well because there are other states of mind that comes and goes and we confuse them with happiness. Pleasure, pain, sadness, fatigue, sleeplessness, hunger, anger, joys, good mood, boredom and so on to name.

What happiness is?

Once we define happiness, we can measure our feelings against happiness. Happiness is a self convinced state of mind. Anything and act that is convincing mind adds to our happiness and anything that turns our minds against us decrease our happiness.

Happiness is specific to mind. Dreams, imaginations, knowledge, skills, world views and opinions, achievements, learning, positions and possessions, relationships are these things that are what occupies the largest portion and time of mind and all these are not temporary states of mind. They are always there in mind. Minds are always engaged with professional matters, family affairs, learning, world views, people’s opinions about you, and your financial status and so on. We can’t escape out these by adopting any technique because they are what makes our mind or at least we recognize ourselves with.

As comes to food, vacations, clothing, colors, music, theatre, you can make your mind and change it frequently without much to think or care about them. Why? Because they are momentarily, they come and go.

Hence, your mind categorizes things according to their importance. If dreams, imaginations, knowledge, skills, world views, achievements, learning, creative works, positions and possessions and relationships are the sources of happiness and soothing of mind so they are always there in your mind. Happiness is there but its levels are lowered and raised by adding something new or losing something out of it.

It is different from pleasure/enjoyments and sadness/grieves. Pleasure, enjoyments, sadness and pain are excited states of mind. They may cause happiness but are not happiness. When they convince the mind, they become part of happiness. Someone may suppose that sadness is an opposite of happiness. If we are not sad so we are happy. It is not the case. Let’s examine it with an example. If you are in love with someone his or her memories may cause you sad but you like this sadness because your mind is convinced of having his or her love (A satisfaction of attachment). We can take this example to some more depth. The religious men that get pain or feeling sad in their practices or on way of religions, they feel happy to these pains and sadness because their minds are convinced of being on right path or by feeling of achievements or goodness.

We can elaborate this by looking at development of pleasures and enjoyments and also sadness. A child may get pleased by candies, a bicycle, a game or a fairy tale. When you get older then you may lose interests in these sources of pleasures and may need something new to become pleased. By passing time one’s sources of pleasures also matures. More serious or valued things make him please. Why the sources of pleasures change while our senses are the same. Our minds grow to become more mature so our personalities.

Until now we have,

1- Defined happiness as a self convinced state of mind.
2- Happiness is not a temporary state of mind. It is always there but its levels may rise or decline by achieving or losing something of prior importance in convincing our mind.
3- Happiness is different from temporarily states of mind, like pleasure, pain and likes and dislikes like color, food, wearing, vacations, partying, music, etc.

Levels of happiness:

Now that we have defined happiness as a self convinced state of mind and we have concluded that happiness is always there and it has a level that rise or fall so there must be a measurable level of happiness also. Unfortunately, happiness does not have symptoms like pleasure and fun to make you laugh or blush that one could judge how much you have enjoyed your happiness. Yes! Sudden changes in levels of happiness can cause blushing, cry, laughing or running. But it is rare. People enjoy their happiness just by thinking or imagining about them.

Though happiness is difficult to measure but it is the most basic ingredient in constructing a personality.

How happiness construct your personality?


By our definition, "happiness is what makes your mind to be convinced". There is practical applications of this definition in real life. You may set few hours for your studies but you will study seriously when your mind is convinced to study. Traditionally it is known as "concentration" but I call it, "convinced time". By convinced time I mean the time that you really wanted to study and have studies. You may spend several hours one time with your book by name of reading and read only few pages. Another time you may read a chapter or two in the same amount of time. You can have another example related reading which is endorsing this idea. A subject that attracts you, "means have convinced your mind" you may spend more hours to read it and also by more concentrations and so become more productive in less amount of time. A subject that is of not interest to you, you may fight with yourself for a quiet amount of time to convince yourself in reading it. A lots of time and less production. Still you may not love a subject but because of its importance (either because of exam or because of some other rewards) your mind easily become convinced to concentrate on it. OK! whatever the source or method is, it is now settled that convincing of mind is necessary. After learning you will get a sense of acheivement that adds in your happiness or your mind become convinced of what it has gotten. It is a mechanism of personality building by happiness.

Let’s make of an analogy of our personality to a basin that has a mid oceanic ridge system (Bring geological time scale to one’s life time). As time pass this ocean become larger and deeper. When it was small and shallow, small winds and inflow of solutions could cause waves and turnovers. But as oceans get deeper and larger, it requires higher changes in weather, wind velocities and more density flows to cause waves or turnovers. Personality has the same patterns. The larger the personality becomes the smaller becomes the effects of pleasures on it but despite it become more calm (satisfied by its existence and achievements). Happiness is the growth of personality not pleasures, enjoyments and sadness. They are only excited states of minds and their effects depend on the levels of personalities.

Academic mistakes in studying happiness:
Happiness is still an individualistic endeavor. Mistakes are made when one confuses it with pleasures and enjoyments and try to make index of happiness by studying a few thousands of people in their excited states (enjoyments). Statistical studies of happiness has two serious drawback,

1- Measuring a mass of people with same measuring stick.
2- Measuring responses of people to their excited state (joys and pleasures) as measure of happiness.

These two drawbacks are enough to reject these statistical approach and their results. Conclusions that we get happiness from our social networks are correct to a level where social networks are able to convince the minds. If a mind is not convinced by his/her social network then this rule does not apply on him and it won’t help him. We can see the difference of levels of happiness from social networks in East and West. Weak social networks in West decline their levels of happiness despite economic well being. On other hand strong social networks in East compensate for weaker economic status.

You can find an example (by clicking on following link) of how academicians manipulate the data for defining and guiding people on happiness. Certainly, academicians think of themselves as modern Buddha. But are they on the right path??????????????

http://people.virginia.edu/~tdw/wilson.meyers.gilbert.social.cog.03.pdf

New trends in getting freedom

History has never stopped making new nations but its processes like any other natural process has its developmental stages. In other words we can say the process of making nations are evolving. We can divide the process of nations broadly into three eras:

1- The era of large empire nations
2- The era of nation states
3- The era of state’s nation

1- The era of large empires:



In history of early known history we read about a few nations like Persians, Greeks, Babylon’s, Assyrians, Romans, Egyptians, Mongols, etc. Actually these were the name of large empires. The presence of these large empires doesn’t mean that there weren’t other nations. There were other nations but they were divided into tribal systems that were unable to express themselves as a nation. Hence we can say that in this era of empires there were two basic characteristics, 1- A large empire and 2- Different tribes loyal to empires. These two faces of this era were exchangeable. Whenever a visionary and determined head of a tribe had succeeded in uniting fellow tribes to construct an empire they became an empire nation. The most prominent example of this phenomenon occurred in 12th century when Genghis Khan united Mongol tribes and they construct large empires mostly in Asia. The opposite of this process was also true. Whenever an empire had broken down they had scattered in small tribes. Again Mongols present the best example for this phenomenon. When the Mongol empires had broken down to Turks and Chinese they were again dissolved out into small tribes especially out of Mongolia. Today we can find Small number of Mongols in India and Pakistan in form of Hazaras, Hazaravis, etc. Outside of Mongolia the only place where large number of Mongols still exists in form of Hazaras are Hazarajat in current Afghanistan. Still these Mongols have mixed with Chinese, Turks and Aryan to develop a new nation by name of Hazaras (azara).

In this era the process of making a nation were battles. It was wars and battle which decided which tribes grow to an empire nation or which empire nation broken down into tribes. Sure! The empires made laws, institutions for governance which develop languages, knowledge, arts and skills and more profoundly values which distinguished the empires from each others. These official languages, knowledge, skills and values develop common cultures in people living in large cities under empires and in areas under influence of these laws and values. At the same time, tribes had their own tribal laws and values. The rise and fall of empires created many well developed cultures. These cultures were also influenced by geographical, religious and ethnic factors. The empire developed cultures which made way to develop nations.

2- The era nation states:

As the Science made its ground firm and the resulting technologies changed life styles and mindsets of people, the result were introduction of a large number of middle classes into every area of earth. Middle classes were conscious of their identities based on their values. The development and expansion of knowledge were keys in creating awareness among masses of people to search and organize for their identity. The crisis of identity even took help from theories in Science in order to make their identities unshakable for flaws of history. The most exploited theory in this regard is theory of evolution. The most conspicuous use of this theory was made during reign of Hitler for German nationalism. 20TH Century was the climax of this era. The First World War and Second World War in real sense were wars of identities. Both in Europe and Asia large empires like British Empire and Ottoman Empire broken down to give way to new nation state. Most of these nations fought for their freedom. Most of the freedom was achieved by armed and mass resistance against these empires. It is strange that the two large nations of world, Russia and china expressed their nationalism through communist revolutions. Now it was ideologies that were the source of recognition and identity of state nations. It became necessary because a state had to define their economic and political systems. Russian and Chinese though had nearly the same ideologies but their national identities were more important than ideologies so they never united but used the ideologies to serve their national identities. The same were true for non-communist state nations. In Europe though the Christianity were a common religion between state nations but national identity were more important than religion, so every nation states preserved their identities. Here in Asia and Africa, the Muslim national states were also gave more importance to their state nationality than to their religion or their races. Neither pan Arabism nor Islamism could unite people of Middle East but state nationality was more important than religion or race or language.

3- The era of states nations

As we have discussed earlier the state nationalities went beyond the ideological, religious and race barriers. Now it was the laws of stated which defined the nationalities. The developed countries were in constant need of workers especially skilled workers in order to sustain their rapidly growing economy, so they opened their doors to people of other areas to become part of their nations. This move changed the concept and definitions of nationality. Today we find the developed countries as nations of skilled and developed people who have gathered from around the world to have a better life. Better life and rapid growth are making people migrate and change the old concepts of nationalities. The emergence of United Nations after World War II and the urge for human rights as consequences of human right abuses during Second World War II led to a new behavior and attitude of people in different areas of world. Human rights become an essential part of state nations.

On the other hand where state nations comprised of different ethnic groups and their government failed to provide social justice or equal opportunities for growth, the disrespect and prejudice dominant, the people of particular identities are searching for way to become new nations of world.

New trends to get freedom

The emergence of United Nations and becoming of Human rights as essential part of the nation states changed the general attitudes of people and nations around the world. If we look to the purpose of United Nation, which is described in charter of UN, (The charter of UN drafted by representatives of 50 Nations in San Francisco, California in 1945) we find that 1- the principles of equal rights and rights of self determination of people, 2- promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion, are included in it. Following is the reference to purpose of UN,

CHAPTER I

PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES
Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:
1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;
3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and
4. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.


The United Nations are also were responsible in resolving the crisis and conflicts between member states. Though strong nations continued to violate the basic rules of the United Nations but again the countries are more careful while violating the UN’s charter. This behavior led to new method for freedom of the new nations. The freedom of East Timor and Albania is the examples of these new trends.

In both East Timor and Albania the opinion of people was known under the protection of armed forces of strong nations. In East Timor, it was Australian Army which protected the people of East Timor from Indonesian Army and under Australian Army the East Timor voted for their independence and hence got independence. The same happened in Albania, where the international peace keeping forces protected Albanian from Serbian armed forces and under the supervision and protection of international peace keeping forces the Albanian declared their independence.

The above mentioned trends opened the door for Russia and Russia adopted the same strategy for independence of Ossetia and Abkhazia. By attack of Georgia against the self declared independence of Ossetia, as Georgian army attached this area, the Russian Army intervened and protected the people of the area. Under supervision and protection of Russian Army the Ossetia declared its independence which is recognized by Russia.

Conclusions:

Based on above mentioned facts and new trends I have concluded that the best way that people of an area that wish to get the right of self determination and independence should be as follows:

1- The representatives of the people call for an international conference on their rights of self determinations.

2- They should persuade the international community to deploy the peace keeping forces in their area to protect them against invasion or massacre or abuses of human rights.

3- Under the supervision and protection of the peace keeping forces they make a referendum for their independence and rights of self determinations. The referendum for independence will make the struggles and movements for freedom a lawful movement and the resulting state as a lawful state.

4- The peacekeeping force is helpful in keeping law and order restored and the administrations to become capable of providing and maintaining the social justice and services.

What really is wisdom?

Wisdom

Experience as wisdom:

Everyone is wise to some extent but degree of wisdom differs among individuals and groups of people. How we determine who is wise? Let’s have a general to special approach to wisdom. It was a tradition in villages and suburban areas where doctors are scarce to consult to an old experience women for troubleshooting in child caring. The same method was used in solving the social problems. For solving disputes the old men were consulted and their decisions were accepted. These old women and men were the source of wisdom for those people. For these people wisdom were equal to experience. These old men and women had experienced these types of problems several times in their lives so their decisions were more practical. They had the knowledge of local vegetations, animals, regions, traditions, cultures and they knew most of the individuals and families and their histories so their solutions and opinions were wiser than others. There is a famous Hazaragi sayings that, “experienced men are more reliable than doctor”.

The same method is practiced in modern days but here despite of the experienced men and women there are experienced professionals. The experienced professionals make firms and provide consultancy to private organizations, businesses and governments. This is also an acceptance of experience as wisdom because the private organizations, businesses and governments have their own professionals but lack the experience of the consultants.

Success as wisdom:

Another aspect of wisdom that is commonly accepted is success. Successful individuals are accepted as wise men. People consult related successful persons for solving their problems. This concept of wisdom is also accepted to most modern people. People take ideals and some approach the successful people in the field they wish to master in order to make their success assured. Here success wipes out the factor of age and experience.

Leadership as wisdom:

Leadership is another factor of wisdom that is commonly accepted. People look to their leaders as wise men. This concept of wisdom is weakened and is going to be more dimming as time is passing. There are several reasons and factors that this concept of wisdom is weakening. The most significant reason is the modern politics. In modern politics the mass media has a vital role in making images of politicians and these politicians rely heavily on their images. Politicians make lies in order to achieve their political objectives. The media helps politicians in their lies both in making image of them and also breaking images of opponents for political benefits. Most of these lies are done under patriotism, nationalism and national security. Even patriotism makes lies more acceptable than truths. Here wisdom means making such lies that overshadow truths in order to achieve a certain objectives. These perceptions of politicians make people rely more on the prejudices and benefits rather than on wisdom.

But these concepts are not equal in all places. The sources of leaderships differ in different cultures and societies. In some cultures and societies still leadership is a source of wisdom. Most of these leaderships come from spiritual and religious leaderships. As religion and knowledge that come from spirituality is considered as absolute knowledge so the representatives of these knowledge is also considered as a source of wisdom. Sometimes, the misuse of the knowledge or due to political participations these leaderships become questionable but the knowledge itself is unshakable and there are always devoted scholars that will provide alternative leaderships. This leadership is believed as a source of wisdom to their followers.

Professionals as wisdom:

Another aspect of the wisdom that is related to modern world is professionalism. Modern men developed beliefs on the professionals and professionalism. The market economy helped it spread to the areas that were expected common to everyone. Though Professionalism is a positive aspect of modern world but it has drawbacks also as modern men specify their wisdom to the specific fields. Personal wisdom is going to be extinct in modern world.

What really is wisdom?

Certainly there are wise men whose wisdom changes the lives of people but these people do not belong to neither of said categories. They are neither experienced old men or women, successful men or women as people consider success and also they are neither professionals nor they are in leadership positions. So keeping this in view, what really is wisdom? I asked the same question from an inspirational lecturer.

He answered me with certainty, “Surely scholars are wise men”

I looked to him in astonishment and again asked, “OK! If the scholars are the wise men so do you think that wisdom is attainable?”

He replied, “Certainly that is true”.

I wasn’t satisfied by his short answers and again asked, “Scholars gain knowledge about facts or created facts. For example a sun rise in east and set down in west is a fact and is attainable. If the wisdom is the knowledge of facts then it is attainable but it is a common experience that the wisdom of people with same status of knowledge is different. Their response and acts in same situations are different and not only different but are of different levels. It seems to me that the wisdom is a matter of personal judgments.”

“I agree with you” He replied while nodding his head in confirmation.

By gaining his approval I added, “Is it not easy to understand the wisdom through accepted historic wise men?”

“That is a good approach” He responded.

“Most historic wise men like, Zarusthra, Gotham Buddha, Socrates, etc were searching for truth so searching for the truth is the criteria for wisdom.” I added more.

“You are on right path” He nodded as sign of approval.

“Though knowledge and experience is the basis of common wisdom that can be acquired and they are also the basis of the personal judgments but more important than all these is attitude and approach that one has. This develops a wisdom that is higher than common wisdom that people are mostly accustomed and that is the real wisdom that we seek and they open new ways for humanity.”

He was still expecting me to continue my opinion as he was listening with full attention so I continued,

“This type of wisdom that comes from search of truth mostly contradicts with established wisdom. The event of the trial of Socrates, the Socrates was blamed of corrupting the youths because he was encouraging the youths to think into facts and their nature to find the truth. So truth was as criteria for wisdom to Socrates”.

“So, do you think that established wisdom is not based on truths, it is why contradictions come out of thinking process?” he asked.

“Though the main reason for contradictions are prejudices and our profits that influence our thought processes in making established wisdoms but the thinking methodologies and approaches are also effects” I replied him.

“So you think that a thought process solely purposed to discover truth produce high level of wisdom that is missing in established wisdom rooted in prejudices?”

“Sure” I replied with zeal.