End of History: A Class-One Student's Perspective

Each time we rethink a memory, we stretch it a bit. The following memories were some realizations that since have been stretched several times:

Realization 1:

At the new school, I rapidly excelled in drawings which were the combinations of basic geometric shapes. First I learned to draw a mountain (Isosceles triangles in a row), a sun (yellow circle), then, a house in the front of the mountain, a man next to house, a car on a line (road) and tree at the end of road and a pond in front of house (just rough blue coloring of the bottom half of the page). Once I mastered this drawing, I thought there was nothing to add to the drawing. For me, it the End of History (Francis Fukuyama's hypothesis that the current system is the best that humanity could achieve. Since I thought, I had mastered the art and there was no further room for improvement, it was my "the end of history").  I didn't miss any chance of expressing my view of "The End of History". I filled pages of my notebooks, blank spaces of my books (Although, it was tolerated but occasionally I get punished for them), drew on walls and streets with charcoal (a bakery was part of our house, so plenty of charcoal) and went to classes during recess in search of chalks and clean blackboards to draw. 

I was very content with my mastery. For first two years of my schooling, I struggled to learn alphabets and numbers (and that my impatient parents were very disappointed with my inability to learn and kept asking for pieces of advice from anyone who had to offer a solution) and in a new school (which was recommended by my father's friend), I learned reading, writing and drawing effortlessly. My father didn't mind it much but my mother didn't appreciate blackened dresses and hands. I kept drawing on everything. My view of the world had stopped with those limited number of objects and I couldn't see any possibility of improving upon it. But that didn't affect my enthusiasm for expressing myself.

THEN,

Realization 2: my youngest maternal uncle visited us after their Iran tour. He was a couple of years older than me and taught me to draw tulips (for the memory of the fallen soldiers), tanks, fighter jets, and helicopters. I had never seen tulips and helicopters before. The only tank and the fighter jet that I had seen were the ones that were parked in the parks of the cantonment area which appeared to me as oversized toys. It was the first time I heard about Iran-Iraq war and that people died in the wars. It dawned on me as I learn to draw new objects, I start seeing the same object anew. There was no "the end of history" moment. It was just a temporary satisfaction with the level of the mastery (So was the case with Fukuyama's hypothesis).

THEN,

Realization 3: I learned from the discussion of adults in the bakery that if Pakistan and India went to another war, India could drop an atomic bomb and we all could die in a blink of an eye (Pakistan was not a nuclear state at the time). I had no idea what an atomic bomb is but the idea everything could vanish in a blink of eyes, terrified me. I received pocket money in the morning and during the day, I kept looking my father and anytime I spotted my father or my grand-maternal-uncle, I taxed them. Each time,  received additional money, I was in heaven. The list of the objects that I could draw was growing and I started reading story booklets. In addition to group plays, these additional pleasures made the world too sweet and I definitely didn't want it to end in blank of eyes. But I couldn't unlearn that cursed knowledge that our world could end.

Probably, humanity survives a nuclear winter but there will be real THE END OF HISTORY for many cultures, societies, ethnicities and countless species of organisms.

Appearance

I don't like to stare at people. It's rude. Yet, I kept watching this guy who had obvious similarities with the Edmund Kemper, a character from the Netflix-TV-series, "Mindhunter". I took interest in the series, as the show was like "thought-experiments". I wanted to know that when one pre-defines things and goes to the field with a subjective-perspective, how things appear to him? In the show, the agent, Holden Ford had a subjective-approach and the psychology professor, Wendy Carr had an objective-perspective. But during the show, it appeared to me that the calm, curious and intelligent perspectives of the subject (serial-killer) Edmund Kemper were more forceful than the methodological-perspectives of the agent and the professor that studied him. 

Anyway, my purpose is not to review the TV show here, but to provide the background for the conversation that I had with Ustad after I discussed the related issues with him;

I told Ustad about my experience and the thoughts around it. Based on physical similarities of a character, I looked at the guy with a subjective-perspective.

"That's a common-place experience!" was the reply of Ustad. "You don't even need to have basic literacy to understand the pictorial and visual expressions. It's an innate ability to connect the visual expressions with the familiar environment..."
"So, you think that my brain had borrowed the character of Kemper from the show as a visual representation of the term, "serial killer"?" I interrupted Ustad.
"That's my best guess!" he answered. "Look! it's a common phenomenon if you pay attention. For example, the combination of beard, Afghani dress, and turban have become a visual representation of terror and the combination of clean-shaved face and western dress have become the expression of liberalism?"
"I kind of agree!"
"What I have been interested are the ways most of the people use these symbolic representations!" Ustad continued.
"I didn't get you!"
"Appearances are multilayered. It's genetic. It's cultural. It's economical and it's political and yet, people tend to politicize appearances. Don't get me wrong. It's not just the negative-tagging of the appearances but also the positive-good-doers also promote using appearances as advertisements of their work...."
"What do you suggest?"
"I guess, there is no quick solution for it. We are evolved to make quick decisions based on the appearances for our safety. I hope that artificial intelligence could help us to overcome this problem.  When all people are connected and a large amount of data about them become easily accessible,  then, AI could help us to see beyond appearances and that's are individual's personalities. Artificial intelligence, unlike humans, does not have long biological evolutionary history and could access to public data and swiftly search for large amounts of data and make better decisions.  

Back to the "Opium of the people!"

We were back in our favorite spot, the Eastern bypass road, with our bag of oranges:

I laughed, "You know what happened, this morning?"

"I'm listening!" The Ustad replied.

"I went to the tandoor (Bakery) for buy naan. There were customers before me, so I had to wait. Sitting on the front steps, two elderly men discussed politics, passionately. Both of them talked, simultaneously. Although it sounded more like an argument than a leisurely chatter, the people there watched the argument like some sort of comedy show. One of the men lost his temper and called the late Benazir Bhutto a name and the other man responded by punching him in the face. And, then, there was a freestyle wrestling. I guess the wrestling of old men was so rare that instead of stopping them, the small crowd started cheering them. I was getting late for college so I couldn't wait for the result of the match. All day, I kept thinking about the political arguments of those elderly men. If they were young men, I would blame the enthusiasm of the young age, and forget the event. They were retired men and belonged to a small tribe that had no influence in local, provincial and national politics, whatsoever. If it was a pleasure-chatter, it would make sense but fighting for something, they had no role made no sense to me...."
"I also have a neighbor who stops me, each time he sees me and breaks the news that never happened. " Ustand laughed. "But his news and analyses are very interesting, full of surprises!"

From bypass, I could see all sorts of flags. Usually, it was the brown-clouds (polluted air) that covered parts of the city that caught my attention but that day, I especially noticed the assortments of the flags.

"I think, politics is more potent opium than religion!" I commented.
"Even if had the power to ban on religion and politics, people find other means to argue!" Ustad responded, "Most of the time, it is not religion or politics that creates conflicts but men's self-love. Politics and religions become tools of expressions for those self-loves..."

I thought, Ustad was also "breaking a news", so,

"But there are people who sacrifice themselves for their religions and political parties?" I disagreed.

"Let me explain!" Ustad smiled.
"I'm listening!"
"Unlike most of the animals, humans give birth to the "immature" babies that are dependent on their parents for everything. When they grow up, while they strive all their lives, they remain dependent on others and the process of growing up never cease. You can imagine that humans never become "mature" and that's the reason for humans addiction to the idea of perfection, maturity or becoming no.1. Basically, humans know that they never achieve perfection, so, they seek it through other means, like a connection with a perfect being (God) via a "true" religion, or a best political system or finest culture or becoming no. 1 this and that. You know what I mean..."
"Yes, I got your point!" I replied, "But are you suggesting that narcissism is a byproduct of social life?"
"What I meant was that humans have an innate desire for liberation from imperfection or maturity and all the affiliations like religion or politics or other stuffs are mere expressions of it, whether, they realize it or not. Some may claim they love God or a saint or an ideology or things like that, but in fact, these all are expressions of the desire to be true, good or things like that..."
"Please don't mind!" I told Ustad, "but I find reductionist perspectives of things not beautiful."
"Well, then, your God is not beautiful!" Ustad laughed.
"Does it matter?" I laughed, too.
"God is the ultimate reductionist!"

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 2

"Yes!"
"In our culture, the source of authority came either from experience, as old age like adults in a family or tribe or from one's level of knowledge as teachers or scholars. They were considered wise and they influenced ways of life. That's why I called that the pursuit of wisdom. In comparison, in the modern culture, the authority comes from popular votes. Celebrities and advertisements play very important roles in influencing the decisions of masses and promoting the consumerist ways of life. What's your take on these two examples?"

"My first take is that pursuits of wisdom are definitely in decline and pursuits of populism are rising."
"So?" Ustad inquired.
"It depends," I answered.
"Depends on what?"
"On the concept of success."
"How?"
"Once adults were seen as people who were successful at living longer, now, the celebrities are seen as successful people."
"So, you think, it is all the pursuit of success instead of the pursuit of happiness or wisdom?"
"Yes, to me, it all sums up to success."

I remembered this conversation after so many years by reading an article about Hillary Clinton's new book, "What Happened". Hillary changed her name, her hairstyle and even hired a linguist to appeal to the people. Her efforts to be likable didn't sum to the success, that's presidency of the country.

I remembered our old conversation as it is as relevant today, as it was relevant almost two decades ago. So, what is a wise pursuit? A set of goals defined by wise men like adults of a tribe or a family, or a set of goals promoted by celebrities, a set of goals defined by professionals or some sort of authorities or set of goals that are based on your soul searching?

READ Part 1 by clicking the following link:

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 1

From pursuit of wisdom to pursuit of happiness: Part 1

After graduating from high school, I felt as if I had discovered a sort of a  new me. I discovered that there was a world of knowledge beyond textbooks. I met people who spoke for hours and talked about a wide range of topics and unlike school, I didn't get bored or tired. Instead, I checked books on topics they discussed and read widely, not for exams or anything else but purely out of curiosity. One of the people that I met was the Ustad. I remember, when I first read about ancient Greece, I started thinking seriously on topics they thought and discussed thousands of years ago. To validate my raw thoughts, I went to see the Ustad;

“What do you think about wisdom?" I asked him.
"Are you reading about ancient Greece?” The Ustad inquired.
"Yes!” I replied.
“You live in a culture that's based on the pursuit of wisdom.”

My whole castle of thoughts on wisdom collapsed. I thought wisdom is something specialized and Greeks had mastered it. I couldn't imagine that we were pursuing wisdom in a city where the culture was built on tribal traditions with strong influences from ancient Persian, Indian, Islamic, Moghul and Western influences. Our culture wasn't a distinct and original culture with was based on the pursuit of wisdom as Ustad suggested. It was a product of the local geography and historical interactions. And hence based on nothing distinct.

“But I don't see questioning the perceptions as a common practice?” I disagreed.
“I just did!” he smiled.
“You expressed your opinion….”
“I guessed that you had developed the perception of wisdom solely based on questions.” Ustad interpreted me. “I had a similar experience. Over years, I realized each culture develops its own ways of wisdom.”
“That's an interesting way to look at it.”

I wasn't convinced. Yes, if we take wisdom as a way of optimizing the use of resources and growth, not only every culture held native knowledge built of collective experiences, we can extend it to the animals and plants, too. All organisms have innate wisdom, then. 

"If we consider that all cultures have their own wise ways, then, there must be some measure or a way to compare them?" I asked again.

"Before answering your question, I want you to consider these two examples and let me know what do you think?" the Ustad suggested. "But before I provide you with the examples, I want to give you the background, so you can more clearly..."

I liked thought experiments, so I nodded with a smile when he looked to see my reaction;

"...When I was about your age, I confronted with a storm of ideologies, all brought to the region by the monsoon winds of regional and global rivalries. The youths were under the spell of reviving their national-identities which were based on the nativism and progressive ideologies were considered cool. In contrast, there were Islamist forces who considered nativist-movements, un-Islamic, and corrupt. And then, there were burger-youths, who were influenced by Western culture. While these rival movements had political covers, for most of the youths, they were a more personal search of meaning or definition of them as individuals. That was a time when I read and thought very hard to make a sense out of all these. I found that all of these rival movements were based on hopes. Islamic movements like any other religion provided a ready-made template for a life that kept people from all walks of life, hopeful. Amongst Islamists, hope was tied to the strength of beliefs and there, the people were in pursuit of faith. Progressive ideologues hoped the education of masses, technology, and redistribution of wealth made the world a desirable place. Education and resistance to control were their favorites. Western-influenced youths loved the concept of the pursuit of happiness and considered luxurious things as expressions of their pursuits of happiness....."

The background was something repetitive for me. This kind of framing of problems had become a sort of cliche.

"I think our topic was wisdom?" I interrupted. 
"I just wanted to bring the discussion of wisdom from ancient Greece to our time..." the Ustad smiled.
"I'm sorry" I apologized.
"So, from the background, you can imagine that while in ancient Greece, the philosophers of the time linked wisdom with how well you knew the concepts of things and ideas, in our time, they mostly struggle with the hope. The pursuit of happiness was just one of many ideas but in our time, it has become the most significant one." He paused for a while, "Are you ready for the two examples?"

CONTINUED....