There are several points that ask our attentions to redefine and rethink the issues related to emotions:
1- The prefix phobia is a reality that can be attached to any noun to describe a person’s fear. One may amazed when see that almost all individuals have some kind of phobia. But this is also a fact that these phobias could be overcome by the exposure to the source of fear. Some people are feared from some other people, areas or some objects but working with those sources of fears make brave enough to champion them.
2- Every work looks hard and even impossible and unbearable at start but as one stand on it, the work start easing and the standing individual proud to have overcome the hardships and have mastered it. It is very famous the distance looks long but by traveling it shortens or the hands is brave and eyes are coward. It means eyes message to brain that the work is hard but as hands is
3- Teenagers are violent and adults have mature emotions that are developed to suite their work and social requirements. There are vast contrast between emotional reactions of teenagers and adults. Individuals who were violent in their teen ages become emotionally matured and responsible members of their society. This development indicates that these individuals have learned to become wiser through their experience.
4- The nomads are more conservative and violent than villagers and villagers are more conservative and violent than city dwellers. Dwellers of suburban areas of more violent than city centers. Dwellers of small cities are more violent than large cosmopolitan cities. These developing facts indicate that emotional maturity requires learning.
5- The illiterate is more violent than learned individuals. As one the level of learning grows one become emotionally more mature.
6- Unskilled people are more violent than skilled individuals. The same is true for level of experience. The more experienced is one the emotionally mature one becomes.
7- The poor is more violent than rich. The poor has less opportunity to participate in social events and use the new technologies or attend learning programs. Their lives surround around their survival and existence.
8- The underdeveloped nations are more violent than developing and developing nations are more violent than developed nations.
9- The areas ruled by tribal laws are more violent than areas ruled by states. The people of weak estates are more violent than estate with established laws. The estate with poor laws and poor governance the tribal laws replace estate laws and people become more violent for their identities and getting larger shares.
We can add to this list but the above facts indicate to one very important point and that is emotional maturity comes from learning and experience. This was expressed by Bernard Shaw as, “One who is not leftist in his youth has some problems with his heart and one who is not rightist in his matured age has problems with his mind”. Now a day, there is a term used like emotional intelligence. Is really emotions are the product of intelligence? Let’s look for some more examples:
1- The learned people weren’t always bright students. They had one common thing and that was the passion for learning. The students who have passion for learning grow to learned individuals irrespective of their educational records. The dull and medium students have crossed intelligent and bright students.
2- Silent and less social students who were more comfortable in their solitude than in crowds and among people are growing to show good judgments and expressional skills in very creative manners in arts and literature. It was all their sensitivity that was keeping them out of crowd and in their own inner selves. It was their sensitivities that made them able to be different from others.
3- Some individuals get popularity due their easiness in communicating the people. It is not their intelligence but it is their emotional maturity in accepting the people and the differences that exist.
4- There are many successful people with most basic writing and reading skills who manage and lead very bright minds, professional people and highly literate and skilled people. The success of these individuals is mostly due their passions, consistency and hard works rather their intelligence.
5- The people are more creative, productive and active where people feel no hesitation in appreciating good ideas, works and efforts. Similarly people don’t hesitate in accepting their mistakes and failures. Simply in areas where people frequently use the two words of thank you and sorry people are more productive and peaceful than in areas where people feel it ashamed to accept their mistakes and ask apologies for them and similarly feel disgraced by recognizing others and thanks for their good works.
Again we make add to this list but my main aim is neither listing the characteristics of the emotional intelligence nor do I aim to emphasize on the role of the emotional maturity in the progress of an individual and a group of a people. The most important point to note is that, “Emotional maturity is not a function of intelligence but it is learned irrespective of intelligence levels”.
This is a very crucial definition of emotional maturity which make to erase confusion that whether there is existence of emotional intelligence or not? Surely! Intelligence is a composite ability of brain to adapt and survive in a composite environment. Everyone’s success is a function of their environment that causes a particular ability of brain more develop out of its composite abilities.
Now! When it is set that the emotional maturity is learned so it is mostly a function of experience and wisdom. So it is better to tell the emotional maturity as emotional wisdom rather than emotional intelligence. Experience is a function of wisdom. When we say that emotional wisdom is learned then it become very important tool to evaluate the societies, laws organizations and cultures by comparing the emotional maturity of people based on their principles, set of beliefs and codes of ethics. Emotional intelligence is also very important tool for evaluating the societies and their values against the emotional maturity of people and the rate of progress and productivities of people.
Saturday, January 14, 2012
Composite Intelligence
How we infer intelligence? Surely! From behavioral study! Neither thought processes nor imaginations and perceptions are visible. We get to know all processes of the brain which we normally call as mind by actions and behaviors. Behavioral studies are common in studies of the intelligence of all organisms. It is customary to attach intelligence to humans but behavioral studies have proved all organisms have intelligence. We can observe the intelligence from behaviors and products of organism. Studying product of intelligence will help us to understand the evolution of intelligence. Beside the behavioral studies and products of intelligence, the comparative studies of the brain of animals also help us to understand the intelligence. The most interesting resemblance is in three areas of brain with brains of reptiles, Mammals and a special area peculiar of human brain.
There are confusions and disagreement about the intelligence. We haven’t any single definition of intelligence due to main following reasons:
1- We have focused on particular aspects of intelligence so observational differences and conclusions are ultimate.
2- We always tried to understand intelligence as a single entity. Even the hypothesis of multiple intelligences is based on the particular aspects of the single intelligence.
It is also interesting to note that unicellular organisms have behaviors that indicate the diversity of their intelligence but the multicellular organisms of plant group that have much diversified evolutions show no peculiar organ for intelligence as animals have like brain. The movements and complexity of relationships have helped evolution of intelligence. The carnivorous animals have larger brains than herbivorous animals which indicate the relations of evolutionary adaptations brain and intelligence.
Emotional intelligence and its evidences in the rate of the success of people is another important area that reveal least understood and least studied and focused part of intelligence. A simple comparative study of the rational and emotional intelligence will reveal the relations between two intelligences and importance of the emotional intelligence.
Beside the emotional intelligence there is another intelligence which is intelligence of non living objects which we know as artificial intelligence. Our reliance on accuracy, speed, flexibility and potentials of artificial intelligence has made the understanding of the intelligence more confusing and complex.
If we focus on following points the understanding of the intelligence become obvious and easy:
1- Non-living objects have intelligence. The artificial intelligence is the proof of such intelligence. The natural non living objects also have intelligence. The physical and chemical processes are the evident of this intelligence. Evolutionary structures of the compounds are best example of these intelligent behaviors. Artificial intelligence has led the atomicity of the intelligence beyond the DNA (An organic molecule) to atomic and subatomic levels.
2- Unicellular organisms have intelligence. Microbial and viral intelligence all well known especially the bacterial response to the use of antibacterial medicines developed by fungi and human. Antibacterial medicines are the battle ground of the intelligence of bacteria and human. It is really interesting that Human despite of a much evolved brain have come very late in conscious battle against the bacterial intelligence.
3- Plants played key role in diversifying the life and they have diversified and evolved to intelligent adaptations. Food chain start from plants and end on plants but again despite the diversity and evolutions of plants they haven’t evolved a specialized organ for intelligence responses.
4- Animals have developed a specialized organ of intelligence by name of brain. The brains have evolved along evolutions of organisms so today men can compare the brains the animals and correlate them with levels of their intelligent acts. These comparative studies have helped men understand the evolution of brain and intelligence.
5- Carnivorous animals have larger brain as they are more evolved than herbivorous animals and more complex life styles that requires advanced intelligences as compared to herbivorous life styles.
6- Human brain has three main areas similar to reptilian brain, mammalian brain and Homo sapiens brain. We can relate the functions and specialties of human brain and intelligence to these areas as follows:
a- Reptilian brain: The intelligence that emerges out of reptilian brain is the intelligence of basic survival. People who live in harsh environments like nomads, desert dwellers, glacier dwellers and rough and rigid areas have good skills of basic survival. It is not only nomads but many in big cities love hard manual and physical jobs than mental works, love sports than creative works and love army than official jobs. Certainly these individuals have dominant reptilian intelligence which govern over two other mammalian and Homo sapiens intelligences.
b- Mammalian brain: Mammals have characteristically evolved social lives and their brain has to support intelligence required for socialization. A quick glance around us and thinking about people we know very closely, we find that some people are quiet intelligent in socializing. They make friends and love to meet new people and have strong relations within relatives. The socialization skills are mainly based in mammalian brain. It dominates over reptilian and Homo sapiens brain and uses them for socializing.
c- Homo sapiens brain: The cerebrum has two distinct hemisphere specialized for creative mental processes peculiar of Humans.
i- Left hemisphere is home to rational intelligence. Individuals whose left hemisphere is dominant over other areas of brain are good in abstract thinking like mathematics and understanding real world in abstract manners. Logical and analytical thinking are the distinctions of these groups of individuals. This group of people thinks very oddly that look complex and idiot to common people. Their left hemisphere dominates over other brain and uses their potential for logical and analytical thinking and activities.
ii- Right hemisphere is home to imaginative intelligence. Creative thinking is the distinction of this brain. Perceptions and imaginations of this group of individuals usually cross the real world. Arts and literature are main products of imaginative intelligence. Individuals with dominant imaginative intelligence use all other areas of their brain to serve the imaginations of the right hemisphere.
Result:
As I have discussed above the intelligence is not a single phenomenon of the brain. It exists beyond brain even in non living objects in form of what we know as artificial intelligence. Brain is a special organ evolved by animals to adapt their complex life styles. Plants haven’t developed such organ but yet they have intelligence. The evolutions, diversifications and adaptations of plants are evident of their intelligence. Still brain is not a single entity but it has special areas for specific intelligent acts. Hence despite of trying to understand the intelligence as a single entity and confuse ourselves it is better to classify the intelligence based on their specializations and dominance and study them. It is very clear that our intelligence is composite and by classifying them we will explore hidden potentials of different intelligence that we have.
There are confusions and disagreement about the intelligence. We haven’t any single definition of intelligence due to main following reasons:
1- We have focused on particular aspects of intelligence so observational differences and conclusions are ultimate.
2- We always tried to understand intelligence as a single entity. Even the hypothesis of multiple intelligences is based on the particular aspects of the single intelligence.
It is also interesting to note that unicellular organisms have behaviors that indicate the diversity of their intelligence but the multicellular organisms of plant group that have much diversified evolutions show no peculiar organ for intelligence as animals have like brain. The movements and complexity of relationships have helped evolution of intelligence. The carnivorous animals have larger brains than herbivorous animals which indicate the relations of evolutionary adaptations brain and intelligence.
Emotional intelligence and its evidences in the rate of the success of people is another important area that reveal least understood and least studied and focused part of intelligence. A simple comparative study of the rational and emotional intelligence will reveal the relations between two intelligences and importance of the emotional intelligence.
Beside the emotional intelligence there is another intelligence which is intelligence of non living objects which we know as artificial intelligence. Our reliance on accuracy, speed, flexibility and potentials of artificial intelligence has made the understanding of the intelligence more confusing and complex.
If we focus on following points the understanding of the intelligence become obvious and easy:
1- Non-living objects have intelligence. The artificial intelligence is the proof of such intelligence. The natural non living objects also have intelligence. The physical and chemical processes are the evident of this intelligence. Evolutionary structures of the compounds are best example of these intelligent behaviors. Artificial intelligence has led the atomicity of the intelligence beyond the DNA (An organic molecule) to atomic and subatomic levels.
2- Unicellular organisms have intelligence. Microbial and viral intelligence all well known especially the bacterial response to the use of antibacterial medicines developed by fungi and human. Antibacterial medicines are the battle ground of the intelligence of bacteria and human. It is really interesting that Human despite of a much evolved brain have come very late in conscious battle against the bacterial intelligence.
3- Plants played key role in diversifying the life and they have diversified and evolved to intelligent adaptations. Food chain start from plants and end on plants but again despite the diversity and evolutions of plants they haven’t evolved a specialized organ for intelligence responses.
4- Animals have developed a specialized organ of intelligence by name of brain. The brains have evolved along evolutions of organisms so today men can compare the brains the animals and correlate them with levels of their intelligent acts. These comparative studies have helped men understand the evolution of brain and intelligence.
5- Carnivorous animals have larger brain as they are more evolved than herbivorous animals and more complex life styles that requires advanced intelligences as compared to herbivorous life styles.
6- Human brain has three main areas similar to reptilian brain, mammalian brain and Homo sapiens brain. We can relate the functions and specialties of human brain and intelligence to these areas as follows:
a- Reptilian brain: The intelligence that emerges out of reptilian brain is the intelligence of basic survival. People who live in harsh environments like nomads, desert dwellers, glacier dwellers and rough and rigid areas have good skills of basic survival. It is not only nomads but many in big cities love hard manual and physical jobs than mental works, love sports than creative works and love army than official jobs. Certainly these individuals have dominant reptilian intelligence which govern over two other mammalian and Homo sapiens intelligences.
b- Mammalian brain: Mammals have characteristically evolved social lives and their brain has to support intelligence required for socialization. A quick glance around us and thinking about people we know very closely, we find that some people are quiet intelligent in socializing. They make friends and love to meet new people and have strong relations within relatives. The socialization skills are mainly based in mammalian brain. It dominates over reptilian and Homo sapiens brain and uses them for socializing.
c- Homo sapiens brain: The cerebrum has two distinct hemisphere specialized for creative mental processes peculiar of Humans.
i- Left hemisphere is home to rational intelligence. Individuals whose left hemisphere is dominant over other areas of brain are good in abstract thinking like mathematics and understanding real world in abstract manners. Logical and analytical thinking are the distinctions of these groups of individuals. This group of people thinks very oddly that look complex and idiot to common people. Their left hemisphere dominates over other brain and uses their potential for logical and analytical thinking and activities.
ii- Right hemisphere is home to imaginative intelligence. Creative thinking is the distinction of this brain. Perceptions and imaginations of this group of individuals usually cross the real world. Arts and literature are main products of imaginative intelligence. Individuals with dominant imaginative intelligence use all other areas of their brain to serve the imaginations of the right hemisphere.
Result:
As I have discussed above the intelligence is not a single phenomenon of the brain. It exists beyond brain even in non living objects in form of what we know as artificial intelligence. Brain is a special organ evolved by animals to adapt their complex life styles. Plants haven’t developed such organ but yet they have intelligence. The evolutions, diversifications and adaptations of plants are evident of their intelligence. Still brain is not a single entity but it has special areas for specific intelligent acts. Hence despite of trying to understand the intelligence as a single entity and confuse ourselves it is better to classify the intelligence based on their specializations and dominance and study them. It is very clear that our intelligence is composite and by classifying them we will explore hidden potentials of different intelligence that we have.
Clash of mentalities
Introduction
Everyone has heard about use of brainwashing through mass media by large corporate businesses (Commonly known as multinational companies) that has extended their businesses throughout the globe. The mass media's advertisements of products makes people confuse of their needs and they become customer of products that they didn't actually needed. There are many products which we have bought that have replaced our more needed products. But the brainwashing of people is not limited just for making customers but it is also used for political purposes. Goverments and groups of special interests use propaganda machines of mass media to make people rally for their political objectives.
Unfortunately, the social sciences have proved as very useful and powerful tools for making peoples judgments weak by confusing them. Modern men have developed faith in knowledge, sciences and data and statistics. They mostly accept them without knowing the background realities or digging out in the facts to have a healthy judgments.
One of the most influential misuse of socail science subject was the paradigm of clash of civilizations that presented by Samuel Huntington. Certainly, it is a natural process for a socail scientist to present possiblities in global politics but it was unnatural to exploite this paradigm for particular political purposes.
From Colonization of lands to colonization of minds
Reproduction and developments are two key characteristics of life beside others like movements and exchange of materials with environments. Reproductions and developments led organism to grow. Growth is the matter of survival of organisms so it is natural to expand and exploite environments for survival.
Growth and expansion is the core policy of every nation so we find forms of colonization in every time in history. The colonization that we are familiar most with is Colonization of Asia, Africa, Australia and American continents by European colonial empires. It was colonization of lands. Colonial empires were searching for new lands to expand and grow. At that time the largest trade items were either agricultural products or related to agricultural products.
Then we see a period of decolonizations as a results of world war II that resulted in decline of the colonial powers.
But cold war and following globalization by advent of world wide web changed the pattern of colonization. Now it was the thoughts and decisions of people that are determining the trading and political success or failures so the age of massive colonization of minds began.
Just as compass, gun powder and later on stem engine made the colonizations of lands possible so is modern mass media like TV, world wide web, Mobile phones, computers, etc is making massive colonization of minds possible.
The psyche of people are measure of success or failure of colonization of their minds so governments, politicians, religious groups, special interest groups and businessmen are exploiting sensations of people to their likes and unlike and make fake likes and unlikes in them to suite their agendas.
One may have heard one or several following arguments:
1- Human are spiritual by born as he/she is connected to his/her mother through the feelings of affection. Neither left hemisphere of his/her brain has developed nor its product, rational mind.
2- Human are materialist and capitalist by born as he/she is just struggling for his/her survival. Competing with others over resources starts in womb. It is observed that twins competes each other in womb and it is enough to know the instinct of human as materialist or capitalist.
3- Human are socialist by born as one's existence is totally dependent on community in which he/she born. He/she is relying on community for his/her existence, so his/her survival depends on the survival of community.
4- Human are innocent by born. One comes to this world with empty mind. It is the society that shapes his/her thoughts and behaviors.
5- Human are sinful by born. Adam and Eve did sin in paradise so they were descended to earth. It was a punishment to the sin they did. All spirits dwell in paradise and they are descending to earth to wash the sins did by Adam and Eve to become able to ascend back to paradise.
6- Human are ranked by born. Those who are evolved have better adaptability than inferior ones. Intelligence and physical fitness are the genetic expressions of inherited genes, so the advanced nations are superior by born as they have more evolved genes.
7- Human are equal by born. It is the social norms and systems that excel the mental and physical growth or slows it down.
The idea of clash of civilizations in a time when men and women brought up under cold war period psychology made its way easily into popular acceptance as men have become habitual of clashes. Men can’t think of world without clashes and it is believed consciously and unconsciously that men are competitive by nature. The misuse of language and science have played main role in making this belief more concrete. Look to the following duality of the adjectives in language that construct the ideas or mentality in people.
Empty # full, good # bad, superior # inferior, rich # poor, masculine # feminine, spiritualist # materialist, Black # white, Easterner # Westerner and so on.
These adjectives are used in language to describe that what is praising or hatful, what are acceptable and what are not. These adjectives and uses of them in descriptions construct a mindset that divides people and making them in a particular behavior and making them view the world and fellow men in particular perceptions. The concept of clash of civilizations is a mentality born out of the cold war. When cold war finished the West that have been accustomed to clashes searched for new rivals. There were emerging forces in world but as Islamic forces had their own ideologies which could digest the modernization within their versions based on their ideologies, so they were the most suitable rivals. It also had the historical basis in the form of crusade wars of medieval ages. The ideologies have the potentials to mold the progress in their own cast and shape the society in their own systems.
Image source:
http://www.the-dogs-of-war.com/Crusades1.jpg
Comment on images:
Both Islam and Christianity is a religions of peace. But both Muslims and Christians have violent histories that contradicts with what they are claiming. Crusades and Jihads are holy wars often used for political purposes to use the religious mentality of people for clashes that fulfill certain political and economical purposes. It is still continues but every time they are represented in a new frame. Old corpses new coffins.
Religious people are the softest targets for political exploitations. It is really evident in modern history that even children who live in Afghanistan, Pakistan and neighboring countries can tell that how religion is used to create militias under title of Mujaheddin against Soviet Union. Again religion is used to to create Taliban against Mujaheddin. In both these examples from modern history, religion is used for political purposes. Neither Mujaheddin nor Taliban represent Muslim or Islam but they were and are political parties using religious sentiments of people. As we earlier mentioned religious people are softest target because they heavily rely on their intuitions rather on reasoning.
Still if we look to our modern history we see,
1- Religion is used to confront religion (Sectarian violence in India, between Muslims, Sikh, Hindu and Christianity,...........Sectarian violence in Lebanon among Christians, Sunni and Shiites, Sectarian violence in Palestine and Israel among Muslims and Jews, Sectarian violence in Iraq, North Africa, Philippine, Indonesia, etc)
2- Religion is used to confront Marxism: Certainly, the atheistic foundations of Marxism is challenged and used in cold war. Certainly! the communist has to lose the war because they were had faith on their system and this system had to be tested in physical world. While religious people had also faith on their beliefs and their beliefs had to be tested in next world.
3- Religion is used to confront Science. The liberal atheist are using Darwinism and evolution to challenge the religious beliefs. Here religions have to lose the war. Why? Because contrary to Marxism and religions wars that both had faith on their set of principles, here those who rely on Science do not bother if a scientific theory is failed because it is part of the scientific process to challenge existing theories by new evidences and experiments to put a better explanation or theory. On the other hand religions have to be always true and do not fail. Certainly! in wars of reasoning Science has to win over religion because a theory does not become part of science if it is not based on reasoning, evidences and experiments. These mental clashes is natural and will continue but they are also easy to be exploited. These clashes could be used for political purposes that will widen these mental clashes into fault lines that will become violent. It should be noted that religions are part of human societies and they shouldn't be attacked as a whole. But it doesn't mean to allow people deny human rights and enforce their beliefs and practices on others. Attacking on religions is attacking on human rights and giving free hands to people for inhumane practices in the name of religions is also against human rights.
Image source:
http://drjamesgalyon.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/gatesofconst.jpg
Does the clash of civilization is real? Let’s ask from history:
1- In crusade wars the European alliance and the Turkish forces were rivals. But now Turks are the main alliance of the western forces.
2- The African blacks were the main source of slave industry in USA but later on they were the cause of war between north and south regions of current U.S.A. Again the black were the victims of the apartheids but now the black Americans are competing for president of U.S.A. The black Nelson Mandela is a global hero both for black and white.
3- In time Bolshevik Revolution, the Russian riches and capitalists were hated and were the victims of the class struggle. The same were happened in communist revolution of China. The Russian and Chinese elite classes were known as symbols of evils and exploitations but now the same Russians and Chinese masses are praising the wealth and are struggling to become rich and wealthy.
4- The Jews were hated by in Western societies as the enemy of Christ and the source of the wealth exploitations. The Nazi movements and the resulting Second World War brought close the west world and the Jews that the west can’t think of an alliance without Israel and participation of Jewish communities.
5- The Hindu and Muslim clashes under British rule caused the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. There were follow up wars between these two countries that resulted in breakup of Pakistan into Bangladesh and Pakistan. But again there are struggles to turn these rivalries into friendship based on their common cultures. Once there were stress on dividing cultures and now there is stress on uniting cultures.
Few examples that I have quoted above are enough that the clashes are not rooted in civilizations but it is rooted in mentalities. Civilizations have both points of differences and commonalities. It depends on a mentality that which one should be stressed. If the common values and cultures are stressed and promoted, sure people come closer but if the points of differences are stressed then the divisions and rivalries are ultimate.
To elaborate this notion let’s take a few more examples from daily lives within a civilization. There are clashes common within every civilization over whether one is theist or atheist,
spiritualist or materialists, leftist or rightist, moralists or immoralists, rich or poor, neat or clean, obedient or disobedient and so on. These clashes ranges from individualistic levels to families to circle of friends and to coworkers and colleagues and to societal levels.
Even a single country is filled with clash of mentalities. The clash of mentalities just in USA is enough to understand the diversity of internal cash of mentalities,
1- Creationists Vs evolutionist
2- Environmentalists Vs Industrialists
3- Colored Vs whites
is the three major clash of mentalities that have well known history and popular division of society. But clash of mentalities do not limit itself to these major issues but there is more mentalities that colonize minds which are related to the major mentalities, for example,
Stem cells, Cloning, Abortion is related to roots of creationist Vs evolutionist clashes. Certainly! divisions on stem cells, cloning and abortion would dissolve out as biology progresses to solve the problems of people and these divisions will vanishes out by passing laws related to them but new issues will replace them. So it is a nonstop clash of mentalities. Why? Because religious groups will always be skeptical of biological advances and theories and the atheists will always remain skeptical of religious beliefs.
Similarly, usage of lands, water sources, exploitations of minerals and fossil fuels and new chemical, biological and nuclear projects will continue to create clash of mentalities as industrialists will continue to focus on more profits and people will focus on their health and environments.
Besides the cultural and racial differences will also continues, though civil rights movements have matured people enough to accept people of color equal to themselves but history of black slavery, immigrations of Latin Americans and historical division of crusades and jihad will continue to clash but in new shapes and forms.
Result: It is easy both to understand and experience those clashes and conflicts in human societies that are rooted in mentalities not in civilizations. A change in mentality (perceptions and behavior) changes the perception of a whole world. It is the attitude that determines the fate of men not civilizations. These are the attitudes that make people categorize each other and either accept them or reject them.
Everyone has heard about use of brainwashing through mass media by large corporate businesses (Commonly known as multinational companies) that has extended their businesses throughout the globe. The mass media's advertisements of products makes people confuse of their needs and they become customer of products that they didn't actually needed. There are many products which we have bought that have replaced our more needed products. But the brainwashing of people is not limited just for making customers but it is also used for political purposes. Goverments and groups of special interests use propaganda machines of mass media to make people rally for their political objectives.
Unfortunately, the social sciences have proved as very useful and powerful tools for making peoples judgments weak by confusing them. Modern men have developed faith in knowledge, sciences and data and statistics. They mostly accept them without knowing the background realities or digging out in the facts to have a healthy judgments.
One of the most influential misuse of socail science subject was the paradigm of clash of civilizations that presented by Samuel Huntington. Certainly, it is a natural process for a socail scientist to present possiblities in global politics but it was unnatural to exploite this paradigm for particular political purposes.
From Colonization of lands to colonization of minds
Reproduction and developments are two key characteristics of life beside others like movements and exchange of materials with environments. Reproductions and developments led organism to grow. Growth is the matter of survival of organisms so it is natural to expand and exploite environments for survival.
Growth and expansion is the core policy of every nation so we find forms of colonization in every time in history. The colonization that we are familiar most with is Colonization of Asia, Africa, Australia and American continents by European colonial empires. It was colonization of lands. Colonial empires were searching for new lands to expand and grow. At that time the largest trade items were either agricultural products or related to agricultural products.
Then we see a period of decolonizations as a results of world war II that resulted in decline of the colonial powers.
But cold war and following globalization by advent of world wide web changed the pattern of colonization. Now it was the thoughts and decisions of people that are determining the trading and political success or failures so the age of massive colonization of minds began.
Just as compass, gun powder and later on stem engine made the colonizations of lands possible so is modern mass media like TV, world wide web, Mobile phones, computers, etc is making massive colonization of minds possible.
The psyche of people are measure of success or failure of colonization of their minds so governments, politicians, religious groups, special interest groups and businessmen are exploiting sensations of people to their likes and unlike and make fake likes and unlikes in them to suite their agendas.
One may have heard one or several following arguments:
1- Human are spiritual by born as he/she is connected to his/her mother through the feelings of affection. Neither left hemisphere of his/her brain has developed nor its product, rational mind.
2- Human are materialist and capitalist by born as he/she is just struggling for his/her survival. Competing with others over resources starts in womb. It is observed that twins competes each other in womb and it is enough to know the instinct of human as materialist or capitalist.
3- Human are socialist by born as one's existence is totally dependent on community in which he/she born. He/she is relying on community for his/her existence, so his/her survival depends on the survival of community.
4- Human are innocent by born. One comes to this world with empty mind. It is the society that shapes his/her thoughts and behaviors.
5- Human are sinful by born. Adam and Eve did sin in paradise so they were descended to earth. It was a punishment to the sin they did. All spirits dwell in paradise and they are descending to earth to wash the sins did by Adam and Eve to become able to ascend back to paradise.
6- Human are ranked by born. Those who are evolved have better adaptability than inferior ones. Intelligence and physical fitness are the genetic expressions of inherited genes, so the advanced nations are superior by born as they have more evolved genes.
7- Human are equal by born. It is the social norms and systems that excel the mental and physical growth or slows it down.
The idea of clash of civilizations in a time when men and women brought up under cold war period psychology made its way easily into popular acceptance as men have become habitual of clashes. Men can’t think of world without clashes and it is believed consciously and unconsciously that men are competitive by nature. The misuse of language and science have played main role in making this belief more concrete. Look to the following duality of the adjectives in language that construct the ideas or mentality in people.
Empty # full, good # bad, superior # inferior, rich # poor, masculine # feminine, spiritualist # materialist, Black # white, Easterner # Westerner and so on.
These adjectives are used in language to describe that what is praising or hatful, what are acceptable and what are not. These adjectives and uses of them in descriptions construct a mindset that divides people and making them in a particular behavior and making them view the world and fellow men in particular perceptions. The concept of clash of civilizations is a mentality born out of the cold war. When cold war finished the West that have been accustomed to clashes searched for new rivals. There were emerging forces in world but as Islamic forces had their own ideologies which could digest the modernization within their versions based on their ideologies, so they were the most suitable rivals. It also had the historical basis in the form of crusade wars of medieval ages. The ideologies have the potentials to mold the progress in their own cast and shape the society in their own systems.
http://www.the-dogs-of-war.com/Crusades1.jpg
Comment on images:
Both Islam and Christianity is a religions of peace. But both Muslims and Christians have violent histories that contradicts with what they are claiming. Crusades and Jihads are holy wars often used for political purposes to use the religious mentality of people for clashes that fulfill certain political and economical purposes. It is still continues but every time they are represented in a new frame. Old corpses new coffins.
Religious people are the softest targets for political exploitations. It is really evident in modern history that even children who live in Afghanistan, Pakistan and neighboring countries can tell that how religion is used to create militias under title of Mujaheddin against Soviet Union. Again religion is used to to create Taliban against Mujaheddin. In both these examples from modern history, religion is used for political purposes. Neither Mujaheddin nor Taliban represent Muslim or Islam but they were and are political parties using religious sentiments of people. As we earlier mentioned religious people are softest target because they heavily rely on their intuitions rather on reasoning.
Still if we look to our modern history we see,
1- Religion is used to confront religion (Sectarian violence in India, between Muslims, Sikh, Hindu and Christianity,...........Sectarian violence in Lebanon among Christians, Sunni and Shiites, Sectarian violence in Palestine and Israel among Muslims and Jews, Sectarian violence in Iraq, North Africa, Philippine, Indonesia, etc)
2- Religion is used to confront Marxism: Certainly, the atheistic foundations of Marxism is challenged and used in cold war. Certainly! the communist has to lose the war because they were had faith on their system and this system had to be tested in physical world. While religious people had also faith on their beliefs and their beliefs had to be tested in next world.
3- Religion is used to confront Science. The liberal atheist are using Darwinism and evolution to challenge the religious beliefs. Here religions have to lose the war. Why? Because contrary to Marxism and religions wars that both had faith on their set of principles, here those who rely on Science do not bother if a scientific theory is failed because it is part of the scientific process to challenge existing theories by new evidences and experiments to put a better explanation or theory. On the other hand religions have to be always true and do not fail. Certainly! in wars of reasoning Science has to win over religion because a theory does not become part of science if it is not based on reasoning, evidences and experiments. These mental clashes is natural and will continue but they are also easy to be exploited. These clashes could be used for political purposes that will widen these mental clashes into fault lines that will become violent. It should be noted that religions are part of human societies and they shouldn't be attacked as a whole. But it doesn't mean to allow people deny human rights and enforce their beliefs and practices on others. Attacking on religions is attacking on human rights and giving free hands to people for inhumane practices in the name of religions is also against human rights.
http://drjamesgalyon.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/gatesofconst.jpg
Does the clash of civilization is real? Let’s ask from history:
1- In crusade wars the European alliance and the Turkish forces were rivals. But now Turks are the main alliance of the western forces.
2- The African blacks were the main source of slave industry in USA but later on they were the cause of war between north and south regions of current U.S.A. Again the black were the victims of the apartheids but now the black Americans are competing for president of U.S.A. The black Nelson Mandela is a global hero both for black and white.
3- In time Bolshevik Revolution, the Russian riches and capitalists were hated and were the victims of the class struggle. The same were happened in communist revolution of China. The Russian and Chinese elite classes were known as symbols of evils and exploitations but now the same Russians and Chinese masses are praising the wealth and are struggling to become rich and wealthy.
4- The Jews were hated by in Western societies as the enemy of Christ and the source of the wealth exploitations. The Nazi movements and the resulting Second World War brought close the west world and the Jews that the west can’t think of an alliance without Israel and participation of Jewish communities.
5- The Hindu and Muslim clashes under British rule caused the partition of British India into India and Pakistan. There were follow up wars between these two countries that resulted in breakup of Pakistan into Bangladesh and Pakistan. But again there are struggles to turn these rivalries into friendship based on their common cultures. Once there were stress on dividing cultures and now there is stress on uniting cultures.
Few examples that I have quoted above are enough that the clashes are not rooted in civilizations but it is rooted in mentalities. Civilizations have both points of differences and commonalities. It depends on a mentality that which one should be stressed. If the common values and cultures are stressed and promoted, sure people come closer but if the points of differences are stressed then the divisions and rivalries are ultimate.
To elaborate this notion let’s take a few more examples from daily lives within a civilization. There are clashes common within every civilization over whether one is theist or atheist,
spiritualist or materialists, leftist or rightist, moralists or immoralists, rich or poor, neat or clean, obedient or disobedient and so on. These clashes ranges from individualistic levels to families to circle of friends and to coworkers and colleagues and to societal levels.
Even a single country is filled with clash of mentalities. The clash of mentalities just in USA is enough to understand the diversity of internal cash of mentalities,
1- Creationists Vs evolutionist
2- Environmentalists Vs Industrialists
3- Colored Vs whites
is the three major clash of mentalities that have well known history and popular division of society. But clash of mentalities do not limit itself to these major issues but there is more mentalities that colonize minds which are related to the major mentalities, for example,
Stem cells, Cloning, Abortion is related to roots of creationist Vs evolutionist clashes. Certainly! divisions on stem cells, cloning and abortion would dissolve out as biology progresses to solve the problems of people and these divisions will vanishes out by passing laws related to them but new issues will replace them. So it is a nonstop clash of mentalities. Why? Because religious groups will always be skeptical of biological advances and theories and the atheists will always remain skeptical of religious beliefs.
Similarly, usage of lands, water sources, exploitations of minerals and fossil fuels and new chemical, biological and nuclear projects will continue to create clash of mentalities as industrialists will continue to focus on more profits and people will focus on their health and environments.
Besides the cultural and racial differences will also continues, though civil rights movements have matured people enough to accept people of color equal to themselves but history of black slavery, immigrations of Latin Americans and historical division of crusades and jihad will continue to clash but in new shapes and forms.
Result: It is easy both to understand and experience those clashes and conflicts in human societies that are rooted in mentalities not in civilizations. A change in mentality (perceptions and behavior) changes the perception of a whole world. It is the attitude that determines the fate of men not civilizations. These are the attitudes that make people categorize each other and either accept them or reject them.
Tactics are mechanisms of success
All living organisms have some tactics in maintaining their lives. In evolutionary language we know these tactics as adaptations. We all have developed and learned some tactics that helps us in making our lives easy and our tasks successful but successful men and women have developed some special tactics that have lead them to success. Tactics are mostly used for military purposes though it is not specifically a military term. I use tactics because life is in large is a struggle for survival and struggle for dominance. As wars are also struggles for survival and dominance hence using tactics is more appropriate than adaptation because all do not feel using words like adaptations that are linked with evolution.
We usually learn tactics by the following methods:
1- Experience and experimentation:
It is the most common method that we all start to learn tactics. A baby starts learn some basic tactics of survival in adapting his environment by experimenting and experience. He repeats every action till wiping out mistakes and masters them. This process ends with ending life, so it is a long life experience. It is not only babies but all men in their all developmental stages, in every era; with every level of skills, knowledge and wisdom continuously learn through experimentations and experiences. This process has an alternative name also and that is “error and trial”. It is the base of science and engineering. In science hypothesis are tested by experiments and judged by them for their factuality. Same is in engineering. Every new design and idea is tested until it is ensured their stability and workability and then it is worked out. A successful tactician gives importance both to his own and others experiments and experiences because they are the sources for successful tactics. A more focus on experience provide with plenty of tactics that could work or reworked in new situations for success.
2- Observation:
Though observation is sometimes classified under experience but it is not part of experience. It is more evolved form of experience and is rooted in one’s wisdom and intelligence. An observation is an objective studying of something. Sure! A good observation requires knowledge and experience, hence a good tactician a good learner and always ready to learn. Observation also requires getting interests in everything and not neglecting anything. Narrowing the knowledge or interest weakens the observations because our world is relative and everything works and exists relative to each other. Narrowing knowledge will miss out important points that are essential in understanding the relations of objects and processes to each other and hence there are great chances of failure due to misunderstanding. Hence a good tactician is tries to sharpen and widen his observations by understanding things in their contexts.
3- Thinking habits:
Though everyone think but it is levels of thinking and methods of thinking that matters. Though there is no specific methods of thinking but as men have adapted thinking as their most superior tactics for survival so it is natural that we all think for solving problems. In schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions use these adaptations of men in their learning processes and pedagogies. For any subject the problems and tasks are best ways to make students think and hence helping them develop their thinking methodologies. Everyone think in their own ways when they struck a problem or they have a task to be done. It is thinking levels that make difference between positions of men in society and in their professions and achievements. As I mentioned earlier that there is no thinking method but we have to have problems and tasks to make ourselves thinking. Still there are tactics or techniques that can help develop our thinking levels and hence imaginations and creativity. One such technique that really works is giving importance to your ideas and making an archive of your ideas. If one adapts to write his ideas and classify them, surely he will evidence that his ideas will reveal his opinions on certain issues. He also can judge his ideas and compare them with others. Others can also give response to them. Hence making him to think about his ideas, opinions and thinking strategies. This process will grow to make him concentrate in his observations, experiments, experiences, readings and studies and hence forth. Thinking process is the brain in making tactics and making one as best tacticians.
4- Education:
Education is a set of essential and collective learning process that makes students able to become a productive part of society. Education prepares students to only adapts his environments in best ways but also evolve the society using their evolved adaptations. As society is organic and evolving so is education. As by passing time, evolution of society gets momentum and speeds up its evolution so is the society. As needs of society changes, so is the education system. Inquiry based learning was introduced to fulfill the needs of industrialization but as world shifted from industrialization to services so the creativity got more importance hence education systems are started focusing on creativity beside inquiry based learning. Education is a continuous learning process so it is divided into different categories. Beside formal education different varieties and kinds of informal educations are there to educate people. Informal education became an integral part of large institutions to introduce people to their works and achievements. Almost every medium that have a reach to people are used as in informal education to increase the levels of order in society and help to evolve. Normally alternative words like growth are used instead of evolution.
5- Reading, searching and research:
Ideas rule our intentions. Intentions born out of ideas. Hence reading, searching and research lead us to a lot of ideas. They also lead us to judge our own ideas. Reading evolves our understanding. Surely, those with reading habits are of full of ideas and if they are good thinker beside their good readings so they also can be good tacticians. Reading expose us to others experiences, understandings of things and processes, their tactics, visions and so on. Reading let us know the alternative worlds that people have created and lived in and inspired people. Hence for doing good experiments, having good observations and thinking correctly on correct lines we have to read. I remember of an open debate between me and my class fellow. It looked a one sided reasoning as the other students pressed down under my reasons. I was feeling a superiority and satisfaction inside. No doubt the other student was one of the best and a competitive one. But my sense of superiority vanished out by judgment of our teacher. Teacher told me, yes it is sure that you gave solid reasons but it is not the difference of wisdoms between you two but the difference of readings. He pointed to me and told I am sure that you have read more books than your class fellow, so it is why you had available ideas to reason on. Surely! In world of knowledge and tactics, a single idea and a piece of knowledge make big difference. It is also true for tactics. A single piece of knowledge can result in better tactics.
6- Apprenticeship:
Working with experienced men is a way to get experience and master more reliably. In apprenticeship one not only tests its knowledge but also get a tested knowledge and guidance. One of the profound effects of apprenticeship is getting confidence and vision simultaneously. Surely it is a tested way to success.
7- Counseling/Advise:
Advise is the most common learning method in all societies and professions. We can say it is most ancient and primitive methodology of learning, because it is an essential part of religious teachings and religions is the first civilized and learned movement of men. Even we can say that it is in instinct of men as men of all ages, all professions, people with all levels of knowledge and especially guardians like mothers use it. Advice and counseling is part of every culture in different manners to impart wisdom with younger generation or with less experienced people. Even most professional and leaned people needed to be advised regularly as everyone has their limitations in both knowledge and experience. Wise individuals always love to sit in discussions and conversations with older and more experienced knowledge to have share in their practical wisdom and make their success more solid and certain. It is certain that most of time a result that come out of more heads is better than a result of conclusion come out of a single head. Assemblies, meetings, conferences, etc are based on this principle, so counseling is just like advice but here it is flavored with collective wisdom.
There are some qualities that make the learned tactics more specialized and personalized as follows
1- Conscious learning or objective learning
2- Ambition
3- Discussion
Some exemplary tactics:
1- Be with spirit of time:
Every time has their own life that is characteristics of them. Living in a time without understanding and connecting with spirit of it make one a failure in adaptations. Every period of past has its own spirits. Sticking to a spirit make one life evolved under its influences. It is possible to live with spirit of any time, whether any period of past, present or future. It needs just connection. Understanding and adapting them as lifestyle is the way one connects. Spirit of time is values that it carries. How much one has acquired and mastered this values are measure of his connection with that time’s spirit.
2- It is important what to be but it is more important what to do:
As everything evolve, so is with objectives and visions. It is a natural phenomenon that all focus in what to be. As one’s destiny become obvious by his perusing career or by growing an age in enter in professional life, then the it is become more and more important that what to do. With growing age a sense of self-accountability also grows. Hence it is right the focus in education should be on what one wants to be but it shouldn’t be neglected that what they are going to use or to do with their knowledge, skills they have learnt. In short what will be their use of life? This is a critical question. Most of people lack achievements not because they haven’t the skills, potentials, will or chances but because they have no purpose and hence no tasks in their minds. Even most skilled and educated men become frustrated and helpless as they think there is no useful use of their knowledge and skills despite attractive jobs, salaries or positions.
3- Having an acceptance and visions of developmental stages:
Everything that grow have developmental stages, hence accepting this facts and adapting this approach in planning and managing works and achievements make works, results and expectations more realistic. The highest benefit of this approach is help in consistency. When one have a clear approach and understanding of developmental stages he thinks, expects and works more logical and hence both passion and patience remain intact. This approach also helps in keeping struggles ahead for continuous growth. One has in mind that life is the alternative name of growth so one has to grow to be called alive.
4- Dare to follow your purpose and express yourself and ideas:
Daring is more important than wisdom. Though it daring is dangerous when accompany foolery but how many common men are there who succeeded just because they have dared. And how many creative, experienced, wise and knowledgeable individuals are there who have wasted their talents because they have not dared to use them or to expose them.
5- Grow patience and passion in what you are interested in much:
Passion is a strength and weakness at same time. If it is inside, it is strength but when it is outside and visible it is a source of weakness. As passion keeps you energetic and passionate about your objectives and provides extra energies for more lively life but people will exploit it as a source of your weakness. Business and politics and socialization are the areas that exposed passions are most exploited.
6- Organize yourself by your visions and your followers by common good of your visions: As unity is a source of strength for a social group similarly, it is a source of strength for an individual also. Vision is a mental process that unites all other mental processes. Hence vision is necessary to maximize utility of potentials of an individual. It uses all your energies in one direction that ensure success. Vision, not only unite an individual but it also helps unite others to help you or follow you to achieve them. Sure! Every vision has its values which inspire and guide people to work for achieving them. It is a success in itself that your visions unite your all potentials and energies and inspire other to follow you for a particular purpose.
7- Consistency is the most common and experienced way to success:
Consistency is a way of mastering. Masters are synonyms with success as they know how to do things successfully. Consistency is coinciding with mastering through experience or five senses. It doesn’t require special abilities. For easy understanding just take example of a baby. A baby still hasn’t developed conscious or rational mind but yet he is learning by experience or practicing or doing something until mastering in it. Surely an adult who has developed rationality to some level will succeed in mastering anything if he keeps practicing. Consistency is not only a way of mastering but it is a creator of opportunities. A Persistent one surely grows than others and hence become able to solve problems that others can’t do. This is a process of making position in society. And every position has its own opportunities. Consistency is also providing visibility which is in it a tactic for success.
8- Visibility:
Visibility is the door to opportunities. It is why individuals, businesses and organizations focus it as part of their important strategy. Visibility attracts success and even make a share to others success. People make different strategies to become visible. Tactics that I have mentioned above all are collective and related to each other so they work as visibility strategies.
9- Participation:
Participation is the most effective way for visibility. It is also a source of learning and shaping an individual. Participation makes visible and open door to opportunities.
Tactics are mechanism of success. This is a vast topic but not specialized topic. Personal experiences and observations are more important and effective than bookish knowledge so I invite individuals to share their tactics and experiences.
We usually learn tactics by the following methods:
1- Experience and experimentation:
It is the most common method that we all start to learn tactics. A baby starts learn some basic tactics of survival in adapting his environment by experimenting and experience. He repeats every action till wiping out mistakes and masters them. This process ends with ending life, so it is a long life experience. It is not only babies but all men in their all developmental stages, in every era; with every level of skills, knowledge and wisdom continuously learn through experimentations and experiences. This process has an alternative name also and that is “error and trial”. It is the base of science and engineering. In science hypothesis are tested by experiments and judged by them for their factuality. Same is in engineering. Every new design and idea is tested until it is ensured their stability and workability and then it is worked out. A successful tactician gives importance both to his own and others experiments and experiences because they are the sources for successful tactics. A more focus on experience provide with plenty of tactics that could work or reworked in new situations for success.
2- Observation:
Though observation is sometimes classified under experience but it is not part of experience. It is more evolved form of experience and is rooted in one’s wisdom and intelligence. An observation is an objective studying of something. Sure! A good observation requires knowledge and experience, hence a good tactician a good learner and always ready to learn. Observation also requires getting interests in everything and not neglecting anything. Narrowing the knowledge or interest weakens the observations because our world is relative and everything works and exists relative to each other. Narrowing knowledge will miss out important points that are essential in understanding the relations of objects and processes to each other and hence there are great chances of failure due to misunderstanding. Hence a good tactician is tries to sharpen and widen his observations by understanding things in their contexts.
3- Thinking habits:
Though everyone think but it is levels of thinking and methods of thinking that matters. Though there is no specific methods of thinking but as men have adapted thinking as their most superior tactics for survival so it is natural that we all think for solving problems. In schools, colleges, universities and other educational institutions use these adaptations of men in their learning processes and pedagogies. For any subject the problems and tasks are best ways to make students think and hence helping them develop their thinking methodologies. Everyone think in their own ways when they struck a problem or they have a task to be done. It is thinking levels that make difference between positions of men in society and in their professions and achievements. As I mentioned earlier that there is no thinking method but we have to have problems and tasks to make ourselves thinking. Still there are tactics or techniques that can help develop our thinking levels and hence imaginations and creativity. One such technique that really works is giving importance to your ideas and making an archive of your ideas. If one adapts to write his ideas and classify them, surely he will evidence that his ideas will reveal his opinions on certain issues. He also can judge his ideas and compare them with others. Others can also give response to them. Hence making him to think about his ideas, opinions and thinking strategies. This process will grow to make him concentrate in his observations, experiments, experiences, readings and studies and hence forth. Thinking process is the brain in making tactics and making one as best tacticians.
4- Education:
Education is a set of essential and collective learning process that makes students able to become a productive part of society. Education prepares students to only adapts his environments in best ways but also evolve the society using their evolved adaptations. As society is organic and evolving so is education. As by passing time, evolution of society gets momentum and speeds up its evolution so is the society. As needs of society changes, so is the education system. Inquiry based learning was introduced to fulfill the needs of industrialization but as world shifted from industrialization to services so the creativity got more importance hence education systems are started focusing on creativity beside inquiry based learning. Education is a continuous learning process so it is divided into different categories. Beside formal education different varieties and kinds of informal educations are there to educate people. Informal education became an integral part of large institutions to introduce people to their works and achievements. Almost every medium that have a reach to people are used as in informal education to increase the levels of order in society and help to evolve. Normally alternative words like growth are used instead of evolution.
5- Reading, searching and research:
Ideas rule our intentions. Intentions born out of ideas. Hence reading, searching and research lead us to a lot of ideas. They also lead us to judge our own ideas. Reading evolves our understanding. Surely, those with reading habits are of full of ideas and if they are good thinker beside their good readings so they also can be good tacticians. Reading expose us to others experiences, understandings of things and processes, their tactics, visions and so on. Reading let us know the alternative worlds that people have created and lived in and inspired people. Hence for doing good experiments, having good observations and thinking correctly on correct lines we have to read. I remember of an open debate between me and my class fellow. It looked a one sided reasoning as the other students pressed down under my reasons. I was feeling a superiority and satisfaction inside. No doubt the other student was one of the best and a competitive one. But my sense of superiority vanished out by judgment of our teacher. Teacher told me, yes it is sure that you gave solid reasons but it is not the difference of wisdoms between you two but the difference of readings. He pointed to me and told I am sure that you have read more books than your class fellow, so it is why you had available ideas to reason on. Surely! In world of knowledge and tactics, a single idea and a piece of knowledge make big difference. It is also true for tactics. A single piece of knowledge can result in better tactics.
6- Apprenticeship:
Working with experienced men is a way to get experience and master more reliably. In apprenticeship one not only tests its knowledge but also get a tested knowledge and guidance. One of the profound effects of apprenticeship is getting confidence and vision simultaneously. Surely it is a tested way to success.
7- Counseling/Advise:
Advise is the most common learning method in all societies and professions. We can say it is most ancient and primitive methodology of learning, because it is an essential part of religious teachings and religions is the first civilized and learned movement of men. Even we can say that it is in instinct of men as men of all ages, all professions, people with all levels of knowledge and especially guardians like mothers use it. Advice and counseling is part of every culture in different manners to impart wisdom with younger generation or with less experienced people. Even most professional and leaned people needed to be advised regularly as everyone has their limitations in both knowledge and experience. Wise individuals always love to sit in discussions and conversations with older and more experienced knowledge to have share in their practical wisdom and make their success more solid and certain. It is certain that most of time a result that come out of more heads is better than a result of conclusion come out of a single head. Assemblies, meetings, conferences, etc are based on this principle, so counseling is just like advice but here it is flavored with collective wisdom.
There are some qualities that make the learned tactics more specialized and personalized as follows
1- Conscious learning or objective learning
2- Ambition
3- Discussion
Some exemplary tactics:
1- Be with spirit of time:
Every time has their own life that is characteristics of them. Living in a time without understanding and connecting with spirit of it make one a failure in adaptations. Every period of past has its own spirits. Sticking to a spirit make one life evolved under its influences. It is possible to live with spirit of any time, whether any period of past, present or future. It needs just connection. Understanding and adapting them as lifestyle is the way one connects. Spirit of time is values that it carries. How much one has acquired and mastered this values are measure of his connection with that time’s spirit.
2- It is important what to be but it is more important what to do:
As everything evolve, so is with objectives and visions. It is a natural phenomenon that all focus in what to be. As one’s destiny become obvious by his perusing career or by growing an age in enter in professional life, then the it is become more and more important that what to do. With growing age a sense of self-accountability also grows. Hence it is right the focus in education should be on what one wants to be but it shouldn’t be neglected that what they are going to use or to do with their knowledge, skills they have learnt. In short what will be their use of life? This is a critical question. Most of people lack achievements not because they haven’t the skills, potentials, will or chances but because they have no purpose and hence no tasks in their minds. Even most skilled and educated men become frustrated and helpless as they think there is no useful use of their knowledge and skills despite attractive jobs, salaries or positions.
3- Having an acceptance and visions of developmental stages:
Everything that grow have developmental stages, hence accepting this facts and adapting this approach in planning and managing works and achievements make works, results and expectations more realistic. The highest benefit of this approach is help in consistency. When one have a clear approach and understanding of developmental stages he thinks, expects and works more logical and hence both passion and patience remain intact. This approach also helps in keeping struggles ahead for continuous growth. One has in mind that life is the alternative name of growth so one has to grow to be called alive.
4- Dare to follow your purpose and express yourself and ideas:
Daring is more important than wisdom. Though it daring is dangerous when accompany foolery but how many common men are there who succeeded just because they have dared. And how many creative, experienced, wise and knowledgeable individuals are there who have wasted their talents because they have not dared to use them or to expose them.
5- Grow patience and passion in what you are interested in much:
Passion is a strength and weakness at same time. If it is inside, it is strength but when it is outside and visible it is a source of weakness. As passion keeps you energetic and passionate about your objectives and provides extra energies for more lively life but people will exploit it as a source of your weakness. Business and politics and socialization are the areas that exposed passions are most exploited.
6- Organize yourself by your visions and your followers by common good of your visions: As unity is a source of strength for a social group similarly, it is a source of strength for an individual also. Vision is a mental process that unites all other mental processes. Hence vision is necessary to maximize utility of potentials of an individual. It uses all your energies in one direction that ensure success. Vision, not only unite an individual but it also helps unite others to help you or follow you to achieve them. Sure! Every vision has its values which inspire and guide people to work for achieving them. It is a success in itself that your visions unite your all potentials and energies and inspire other to follow you for a particular purpose.
7- Consistency is the most common and experienced way to success:
Consistency is a way of mastering. Masters are synonyms with success as they know how to do things successfully. Consistency is coinciding with mastering through experience or five senses. It doesn’t require special abilities. For easy understanding just take example of a baby. A baby still hasn’t developed conscious or rational mind but yet he is learning by experience or practicing or doing something until mastering in it. Surely an adult who has developed rationality to some level will succeed in mastering anything if he keeps practicing. Consistency is not only a way of mastering but it is a creator of opportunities. A Persistent one surely grows than others and hence become able to solve problems that others can’t do. This is a process of making position in society. And every position has its own opportunities. Consistency is also providing visibility which is in it a tactic for success.
8- Visibility:
Visibility is the door to opportunities. It is why individuals, businesses and organizations focus it as part of their important strategy. Visibility attracts success and even make a share to others success. People make different strategies to become visible. Tactics that I have mentioned above all are collective and related to each other so they work as visibility strategies.
9- Participation:
Participation is the most effective way for visibility. It is also a source of learning and shaping an individual. Participation makes visible and open door to opportunities.
Tactics are mechanism of success. This is a vast topic but not specialized topic. Personal experiences and observations are more important and effective than bookish knowledge so I invite individuals to share their tactics and experiences.
Are humans really more evolved?
Human as a dominant organism on earth become habitual of thinking in dominance. They declared themselves as super creature. Surely, men have many characteristics and features distinctive of them but there are characters that men share with other creatures. Men used similarities and differences in all observable things and based on them they have classified all things they know or have observed. This is the main methodology almost in all fields of knowledge. This is particularly true for science. These common characteristics reveal al lot about human but there is controversy about thinking strategies. As men declared themselves as super-creature so they don’t allow themselves to be compared with creatures and organism that are less evolved than them. Surely! This behavior is expected from a dominant creature but besides men is rational beings and they love learning, so they are always in quest for new understanding.
We can disagree with evolutionists but it is fact that evolution provides a thinking methodology especially through comparative studies. Spiritual ones believe men are centre of universe and what exist in universe, exist in men. Even thinking in this spiritualist line, again evolution is a helpful tool in understanding how all in nature concentrate in men and how men are super creature.
Social men and Social ants: Certainly human is super creature but again there are examples in nature make us surprise when we compare with human. One such strange example of nature is social structure of ants. Men have the most advanced and complex social structures with specialized structures for human health. We have health ministries, Medical colleges, universities and research organizations in health, well established multinational companies that research and massively produce health products for global distributions, Hospitals, clinics and conventional and unconventional health facilities. We educate ourselves and our children in schools, colleges and universities through formal educations and citizens through informal educations using every media to improve human health but again health is the most expensive and serious social problems even in most advanced countries like USA, where presidential candidates make health insurance as the basis of their election campaigns.
The most basic thing in health education is balanced diet or healthy nutrition. We know well that balanced diet of is categorized according to mass to height ratio. Surely, the balanced diet of an infant is not balanced for a hard working adult. Similarly, the nutrition that a growing boy requires is different from an office holder. In most human families the family members eat together and eat what will be prepared by home maid. It may be a mother, a sister, a wife, a cook or any individual linked with family. Children, parents of any age and gender and profession eat the same diet. Those with jobs that require less physical and mental works get obese and those growing children and hard workers get under nourished. The diet of family also influenced by likes and dislikes and get imbalanced.
Contrary to us, ants have well developed and more evolved nutrition system. They have nurses that prepare special foods according to the requirements and needs of every social group. Queen, larvae, workers and knights all have different food requirements and hence nurses prepare balanced diets suited every group separately. Knowing this fact make us feel ashamed that despite of our advances in medical sciences, educating ourselves through formal and informal education again our diets haven’t been specialized or we haven’t leant to know our dietary needs. All that guide us in our diet is likes, dislikes, cultures, traditions and commercials.
Chimps have more advanced genes than us: By the spirit of a super creature, men declared themselves more evolved than all organisms. Anthropologists, biologists and paleontologists helped making lineages of human evolution. It is accepted that men and similar organisms like chimps and gorillas are diverged from a common ancestor, “sahelanthropus” some seven to six million years ago (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2709797.stm). It is thought bipedalism, tool making, language, evolved cognitive functions like advanced learning, speech, creativity and self expression etc are the result of positive natural selections and men have evolved more positively than their close relatives like chimps and gorillas. But comparative studies on shared genes of human and chimps by analyzing strings of DNA from nearly 14,000 protein-coding genes by a group of scientists (http://www.pnas.org/content/104/18/7489.full) showed that more genes evolved in chimps that were useful and beneficial than human.
Microbes evolve more rapidly than human: Though microbes are very small to be seen by naked eyes but they have a lot to do with human lives. Actually they compete with human in certain areas. Human discovered penicillin to wipe out bacteria but more resistant bacteria are evolved. They are changing rapidly their genes compared to new antibiotics so there are always dangers of new diseases introduced by rapid evolution of bacteria in resisting antibiotics. Surely, evolution is more rapid in unsuitable environments as organisms evolve to adapt new environments for their survival. Adapting new tactics for survival increase diversity and rate of evolution. Human’s technological advances are making environments more suitable for survival hence it is technologies that are evolving not human. On contrary, there are new challenges for bacterial and other microbial lives hence they are evolving rapidly.
There are many areas where other organisms are more evolved than human and hence challenging their super-creature status (though certainly they are). It will be more obvious if new areas are added to list through your comments.
We can disagree with evolutionists but it is fact that evolution provides a thinking methodology especially through comparative studies. Spiritual ones believe men are centre of universe and what exist in universe, exist in men. Even thinking in this spiritualist line, again evolution is a helpful tool in understanding how all in nature concentrate in men and how men are super creature.
Social men and Social ants: Certainly human is super creature but again there are examples in nature make us surprise when we compare with human. One such strange example of nature is social structure of ants. Men have the most advanced and complex social structures with specialized structures for human health. We have health ministries, Medical colleges, universities and research organizations in health, well established multinational companies that research and massively produce health products for global distributions, Hospitals, clinics and conventional and unconventional health facilities. We educate ourselves and our children in schools, colleges and universities through formal educations and citizens through informal educations using every media to improve human health but again health is the most expensive and serious social problems even in most advanced countries like USA, where presidential candidates make health insurance as the basis of their election campaigns.
The most basic thing in health education is balanced diet or healthy nutrition. We know well that balanced diet of is categorized according to mass to height ratio. Surely, the balanced diet of an infant is not balanced for a hard working adult. Similarly, the nutrition that a growing boy requires is different from an office holder. In most human families the family members eat together and eat what will be prepared by home maid. It may be a mother, a sister, a wife, a cook or any individual linked with family. Children, parents of any age and gender and profession eat the same diet. Those with jobs that require less physical and mental works get obese and those growing children and hard workers get under nourished. The diet of family also influenced by likes and dislikes and get imbalanced.
Contrary to us, ants have well developed and more evolved nutrition system. They have nurses that prepare special foods according to the requirements and needs of every social group. Queen, larvae, workers and knights all have different food requirements and hence nurses prepare balanced diets suited every group separately. Knowing this fact make us feel ashamed that despite of our advances in medical sciences, educating ourselves through formal and informal education again our diets haven’t been specialized or we haven’t leant to know our dietary needs. All that guide us in our diet is likes, dislikes, cultures, traditions and commercials.
Chimps have more advanced genes than us: By the spirit of a super creature, men declared themselves more evolved than all organisms. Anthropologists, biologists and paleontologists helped making lineages of human evolution. It is accepted that men and similar organisms like chimps and gorillas are diverged from a common ancestor, “sahelanthropus” some seven to six million years ago (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2709797.stm). It is thought bipedalism, tool making, language, evolved cognitive functions like advanced learning, speech, creativity and self expression etc are the result of positive natural selections and men have evolved more positively than their close relatives like chimps and gorillas. But comparative studies on shared genes of human and chimps by analyzing strings of DNA from nearly 14,000 protein-coding genes by a group of scientists (http://www.pnas.org/content/104/18/7489.full) showed that more genes evolved in chimps that were useful and beneficial than human.
Microbes evolve more rapidly than human: Though microbes are very small to be seen by naked eyes but they have a lot to do with human lives. Actually they compete with human in certain areas. Human discovered penicillin to wipe out bacteria but more resistant bacteria are evolved. They are changing rapidly their genes compared to new antibiotics so there are always dangers of new diseases introduced by rapid evolution of bacteria in resisting antibiotics. Surely, evolution is more rapid in unsuitable environments as organisms evolve to adapt new environments for their survival. Adapting new tactics for survival increase diversity and rate of evolution. Human’s technological advances are making environments more suitable for survival hence it is technologies that are evolving not human. On contrary, there are new challenges for bacterial and other microbial lives hence they are evolving rapidly.
There are many areas where other organisms are more evolved than human and hence challenging their super-creature status (though certainly they are). It will be more obvious if new areas are added to list through your comments.
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